40 Questions
What percentage of healthcare workers complied with handwashing guidelines before the intervention?
51%
What was the compliance rate for nurses with handwashing guidelines after the intervention?
89%
Why is cold water not recommended for handwashing?
It does not facilitate sudsing and cleaning
How much liquid soap should be used for handwashing?
1 to 2 teaspoons (3–5 mL)
Why is bar soap not recommended for handwashing?
It spreads microorganisms
What should be removed by healthcare workers according to the CDC?
Fake fingernails
What is the purpose of placing posters around the nurses' station?
To provide handwashing guidelines
What is the purpose of wetting hands under clean running water?
To facilitate distribution of soap over the entire skin surface
What is the primary goal of creating a latex-free environment?
To prevent the spread of microorganisms to clients and healthcare workers
What is the purpose of assessing a client's ability to control body fluids?
To prevent the spread of microorganisms
What is the expected outcome of implementing Standard Precautions?
Reduced transmission of microorganisms between clients and healthcare workers
What is the purpose of assessing a client's skin integrity?
To prevent the spread of microorganisms to compromised clients
What is the purpose of donning protective gear?
To prevent the spread of microorganisms to healthcare workers
What is the purpose of assessing a client's ability to deal with oral secretions?
To promote client compliance with hygiene measures
What is the purpose of exiting a client's room using Standard Precautions?
To prevent the spread of microorganisms to healthcare workers
What is the purpose of assessing a client's compliance with hygiene measures?
To prevent the spread of microorganisms to healthcare workers
What is the primary reason for rinsing under cold running water?
To remove organic material
Why is it important to complete hand hygiene before donning clean gloves?
To prevent contamination of the gloves
What is the correct method for removing a glove?
Slipping one finger under the glove edge and pulling down
What is the recommended ratio of bleach to water for disinfection of contaminated surfaces when norovirus is identified?
1 part bleach to 50 parts water
What should be done with washable items after use?
Put them in hot water with soap and dry in a hot dryer
Why is it important to hold the glove at the wrist edge when donning?
To slip fingers into the openings
What is the correct sequence for removing both gloves as a unit?
Remove both gloves together, turning them inside out
What is the purpose of completing hand hygiene after removing gloves?
To prevent contamination of the hands
What is the correct procedure to remove a gown?
Untie the string at the waist and pull the gown off
What should be done with a disposable gown after use?
Place it in a garbage bag
How should the first glove be removed?
By pulling it off so the glove turns inside out
What should be done with soiled equipment after use?
Dispose of it in an appropriate receptacle
Why is the inside of the gown not considered contaminated?
Because it is not considered a contaminated area
What should a client be instructed to do with their secretions?
Expectorate into a tissue held close to the mouth
What should be done with used needles and syringes?
Use disposable ones
What is the final step in the procedure after removing all personal protective equipment?
Repeat hand hygiene
What does a change in the pattern of respiration indicate?
A client's changing condition
What is the primary purpose of taking serial blood pressure readings?
To evaluate a client's cardiovascular status
What is the average respiratory rate for newborns?
32 breaths/minute
What happens to a person's respiratory rate as they age?
It decreases
What is the significance of ongoing pain assessment?
It is essential to maintain a client's homeostasis and quality of life
What physiological change occurs in the elderly due to a loss of subcutaneous fat?
Poor vasomotor control
Why might environmental conditions affect an elderly person's ability to adapt to changes in external temperature?
Due to their decreased sweat glands and poor vasomotor control
What is the respiratory rate range for newborns?
30 to 80 breaths/minute
Study Notes
Hand Hygiene
- Before the program, 51% of healthcare workers complied with handwashing guidelines, and after the intervention, 83% did.
- For nurses, compliance went up from 56% to 89% after the intervention.
- The program included a handout that specified how important handwashing is and described the proper technique as well as the CDC's hand hygiene guidelines.
- Five posters were placed around the nurses' station.
Handwashing Procedure
- Ensure paper towel is hanging down from dispenser.
- Turn on water using foot pedal or faucet so that flow is adequate, but not splashing.
- Adjust temperature to warm, as cold does not facilitate sudsing and cleaning, and hot is damaging to skin.
- Wet hands under clean running water, keeping hands below elbow level, to facilitate distribution of soap over entire skin surface.
- Place a small amount, 1 to 2 teaspoons (3–5 mL) of liquid soap on hands, and thoroughly distribute over hands.
- Soap should come from a dispenser, not bar soap, to prevent spread of microorganisms.
Additional Guidelines
- Remove all fake fingernails, as they serve as a reservoir for microorganisms.
- Clean gloves by rinsing under cold running water, and then removing gloves and completing hand hygiene.
Donning and Removing Clean Gloves
- Complete hand hygiene before donning gloves.
- Remove glove from glove receptacle, hold glove at wrist edge, and slip fingers into openings.
- Pull glove up to wrist, and place gloved hand under wrist edge of second glove.
- Remove glove by pulling off, touching only outside of glove at cuff, so that glove turns inside out.
Infection Control
- Assess for skin integrity, presence of drainage from lesions or body cavity, and ability to deal with oral secretions.
- Assess for compliance to hygiene measures, ability to carry out activities of daily living (ADLs), and extent of barrier techniques needed.
- Implement standard precautions, including donning protective gear, exiting a client's room, and disposing of gown and protective eyewear.
- Evaluate expected outcomes, including preventing the spread of microorganisms and reducing potential for transmission.
Standard Precautions (Tier 1)
- Donning protective gear, including gown, mask, and protective eyewear, to prevent spread of microorganisms.
- Exiting a client's room by following proper procedures, including removing gown, gloves, and protective eyewear, and disposing of them properly.
- Evaluating expected outcomes, including preventing the spread of microorganisms and reducing potential for transmission.
Disposal Precautions
- Client should be instructed to expectorate into a tissue held close to mouth.
- Needles and syringes should be disposable.
- Used equipment or contaminated material should be disposed of in appropriate receptacles.
Vital Signs
- Blood pressure readings provide information about the condition of the heart, arteries, and arterioles, vessel resistance, and cardiac output.
- Respirations vary according to age, with newborns having a range of 30 to 80 breaths/minute, and adults having a slower rate.
- Pain assessment that is ongoing and constant is essential to maintain the client's homeostasis and quality of life.
This quiz assesses the effectiveness of a handwashing program among healthcare workers, including nurses, by measuring compliance with handwashing guidelines before and after the intervention.
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