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Questions and Answers
What is the general term for organic compounds that contain a halogen atom bonded to a carbon atom?
What is the general term for organic compounds that contain a halogen atom bonded to a carbon atom?
What is the prefix used to indicate the presence of a halogen atom in a compound's name?
What is the prefix used to indicate the presence of a halogen atom in a compound's name?
What is the physical property of halogen derivatives that makes them less soluble in water than their corresponding hydrocarbons?
What is the physical property of halogen derivatives that makes them less soluble in water than their corresponding hydrocarbons?
Which of the following reactions can halogen derivatives undergo?
Which of the following reactions can halogen derivatives undergo?
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What is a common use of halogen derivatives?
What is a common use of halogen derivatives?
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Which of the following is an example of a halogen derivative?
Which of the following is an example of a halogen derivative?
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Study Notes
Halogen Derivatives
Definition
- Halogen derivatives are a type of organic compound that contains a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I, or At) bonded to a carbon atom.
- They are also known as organohalogen compounds.
Classification
- Based on the type of halogen atom:
- Fluorides (R-F)
- Chlorides (R-Cl)
- Bromides (R-Br)
- Iodides (R-I)
- Astatides (R-At)
- Based on the number of halogen atoms:
- Monohalogen compounds (one halogen atom)
- Dihalogen compounds (two halogen atoms)
- Polyhalogen compounds (three or more halogen atoms)
Nomenclature
- IUPAC rules are used to name halogen derivatives.
- The prefix "halo-" is used to indicate the presence of a halogen atom.
- The suffix "-ide" is used to indicate the type of halogen atom.
Physical Properties
- Halogen derivatives are generally:
- Colorless or pale yellow liquids or solids
- Non-polar or slightly polar
- Less soluble in water than their corresponding hydrocarbons
- More dense than water
Chemical Properties
- Halogen derivatives are generally:
- Less reactive than their corresponding hydrocarbons
- Can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions
- Can undergo elimination reactions
- Can undergo oxidation reactions
Uses
- Halogen derivatives have various uses:
- As solvents
- As anesthetics
- As refrigerants
- As pesticides
- As pharmaceuticals
Examples
- Chloroform (CHCl3)
- Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
- Iodoform (CHI3)
- Bromoform (CHBr3)
- Fluorobenzene (C6H5F)
Halogen Derivatives
Definition and Structure
- Halogen derivatives are organic compounds containing a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I, or At) bonded to a carbon atom
- Also known as organohalogen compounds
Classification
By Halogen Atom
- Fluorides (R-F)
- Chlorides (R-Cl)
- Bromides (R-Br)
- Iodides (R-I)
- Astatides (R-At)
By Number of Halogen Atoms
- Monohalogen compounds (one halogen atom)
- Dihalogen compounds (two halogen atoms)
- Polyhalogen compounds (three or more halogen atoms)
Nomenclature
- IUPAC rules are used to name halogen derivatives
- Prefix "halo-" indicates the presence of a halogen atom
- Suffix "-ide" indicates the type of halogen atom
Physical Properties
- Generally colorless or pale yellow liquids or solids
- Non-polar or slightly polar
- Less soluble in water than their corresponding hydrocarbons
- More dense than water
Chemical Properties
- Generally less reactive than their corresponding hydrocarbons
- Can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions
- Can undergo elimination reactions
- Can undergo oxidation reactions
Uses
- Used as solvents
- Used as anesthetics
- Used as refrigerants
- Used as pesticides
- Used as pharmaceuticals
Examples
- Chloroform (CHCl3)
- Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
- Iodoform (CHI3)
- Bromoform (CHBr3)
- Fluorobenzene (C6H5F)
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Description
Learn about halogen derivatives, also known as organohalogen compounds, which contain a halogen atom bonded to a carbon atom. Understand their classification based on the type of halogen atom and the number of halogen atoms.
