Halitosis Study Notes Quiz

Study Notes

Percentage of Halitosis Oral Origin: 90% of halitosis cases originate from the oral cavity.
Halitosis Sub-divisions: Halitosis can be categorized into physiologic (normal) and pathologic (abnormal). A separate category of pseudohalitosis (false halitosis) and physiologic halitosis exists.
Halitophobia Definition: Halitophobia is the fear of others noticing an individual's oral malodor. It's distinct from a transient oral malodor and one originating from a non-oral cause.
Pathological Halitosis Types: A more recent classification divides pathological halitosis into 6 types.
Gold Standard Halitosis Measure: The gold standard method for measuring halitosis is organoleptic (sensory) measurements, supported by BANA tests, and sulfide monitoring.

Oral Causes: Xerostomia (dry mouth), tonsillitis, cleft palate, ANUG (aggressive necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis), and dry socket are potential oral causes of halitosis. Orthodontic appliances can also contribute.

Non-oral Causes: Diabetic ketoacidosis, alcohol consumption, poor oral hygiene, peri-implantitis, gastric reflux, and sinus issues are non-oral halitosis causes.

Management Strategies: Oral hygiene instruction, treating periodontal conditions, fluoride varnish application, chlorhexidine mouthwash, xerostomia advice, smoking/alcohol cessation, and dietary advice are important strategies for halitosis management.

Intra-oral Halitosis Source: Volatile sulfur compounds are the primary odor-causing compounds in intra-oral halitosis.

Referral Triggers: A dental professional should consider referring a patient when halitosis persists after addressing oral causes, or when the issue is outside their expertise or scope of practice. Suspicious lesions also warrant referral.