Hakka Culture and Cheung Chau Jiao Festival
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Hakka' mean?

  • Warrior
  • Trader
  • Friend
  • Guest (correct)

    • The Cantonese settled in the most distant regions of the New Territories.

    False

    Name one major way of living for Boat people.

    Fishing and oyster farming

    The ____ were known as the 'Hoklo'.

    <p>Fuklo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the dialect groups with their characteristics:

    <p>Cantonese = Spoke Wai Tau dialect and settled in fertile plains. Hakka = Engaged in salt making, quarrying and stone cutting. Boat people = Known as 'Tanka' and lived mostly on boats. Fuklo = Spoke Min dialects and settled along eastern waters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clan settled in Kam Tin?

    <p>The Tangs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Villagers built walled villages during the Ming and Qing Dynasties to protect themselves from natural disasters.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Hakka set up in order to gain independence from local clans?

    <p>Their own markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Jiao' refer to in the context of the Cheung Chau Jiao Festival?

    <p>A Taoist ceremony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Cheung Chau Jiao Festival is celebrated to commemorate a successful harvest.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the climax events of the Cheung Chau Jiao Festival?

    <p>Bun Scrambling Contest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Taoist priests perform the ceremony of 'feeding the _______ ghosts' to appease spirits.

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the activities of the Cheung Chau Jiao Festival with their descriptions:

    <p>Worship deities = Performing rites to ask for forgiveness Make offerings to the dead = Ceremonies to appease ghosts Pray for blessings = Inviting deities to join the parade Bun Scrambling Contest = Climax event of the festival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is one of the categories of intangible cultural heritage?

    <p>Oral traditions and expressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cantonese opera is performed exclusively in Mandarin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Wong Tai Sin in Hong Kong?

    <p>Wong Tai Sin is a Taoist god who became popular in Hong Kong and overseas Chinese communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The making techniques of _______ represent the local food culture of Hong Kong.

    <p>milk tea, egg tart and pineapple bun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following festivals with their details:

    <p>Chiu Chow Hungry Ghost Festival = Promotes filial piety and shows Chu Chow culture Cheung Chau Jiao Festival = Strengthens the sense of belonging of different dialect groups Tai Hang Fire Dragon Dance = Features Hakka customs and craftsmanship in making fire dragons Tai O Traditional Dragon Boat Parade = Links fishing industry, religious beliefs and ceremonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which festival occurs in the 8th lunar month?

    <p>Tai Hang Fire Dragon Dance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Chiu Chow Hungry Ghost Festival occurs in the 5th lunar month.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cultural value of the Tai O Traditional Dragon Boat Parade?

    <p>It helps in understanding the traditional cultural life of Tai O.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People drink herbal tea to cool 'internal heat' and to treat various _______ problems.

    <p>health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of expressions are included in the category 'Oral traditions and expressions'?

    <p>Wai Tau dialect communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What subject was generally not part of the education for girls in study halls?

    <p>Mathematics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ancestral worship started during the Ming Dynasty.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which festival is celebrated to show respect to Qu Yuan?

    <p>Tuen Ng Festival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ Festival involves appeasing ghosts through Buddhist and Taoist rites.

    <p>Yu Lan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the festivals with their corresponding key features:

    <p>Chinese New Year = Family reunion and ancestral worship Ching Ming Festival = Worship and respect to ancestors Mid-Autumn Festival = Celebration of harvest and family reunion Hung Shing Festival = Birthday celebration of a Taoist god</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not considered an example of intangible cultural heritage according to UNESCO?

    <p>Historic buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Great Wall of China is listed as an example of intangible cultural heritage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage?

    <p>To raise awareness and respect for intangible cultural heritage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ Festival is celebrated in the 3rd month in honor of a Taoist goddess.

    <p>Tin Hau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deity do the boat people worship for a safe return from the sea?

    <p>Hung Shing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On which day of the lunar month does the Chiu Chow Hungry Ghost Festival occur?

    <p>15th day of the 7th month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Devotees perform devotional operas in Mandarin during the festival.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the offerings made to ghosts during the festival?

    <p>To release souls from suffering and pray for blessings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The organizing committee provides auspicious rice, food, and __________ to people in need.

    <p>daily necessities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following aspects of the Chiu Chow Hungry Ghost Festival with their descriptions:

    <p>Heaven and Earth Shed = Worship deities Priest Shed = Chant scriptures and perform rituals Ancestral Altar = Keeps soul tablets of spirits King of Ghosts Shed = Houses the paper effigy of the King of Ghosts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a change made to the festival in modern times?

    <p>Distribution of auspicious rice limited to 1 kg per person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Chiu Chow Hungry Ghost Festival has been organized by the Federation of Hong Kong Chiu Chow Community Organizations since 2010.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the festival promote in terms of cultural values?

    <p>Respect to ancestors and filial piety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The festival employs traditional architecture theory and __________ balance to create its venue decorations.

    <p>yin-yang</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the social values of the Chiu Chow Hungry Ghost Festival?

    <p>Enhancing the sense of belonging among participants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Major Dialect Groups and Clans

    • Cantonese were the earliest settlers in Hong Kong, called "Punti." They spoke Wai Tau dialect and settled in the fertile northern New Territories.
    • Hakka, meaning "guest," moved from Guangdong and Fujian to Hong Kong. They spoke Hakka dialect and settled in relatively distant, less fertile regions of the New Territories.
    • Boat people, formerly known as "Tanka," spoke Min and Cantonese dialects. They settled along the coasts of the New Territories and Hong Kong Island, primarily living on boats.
    • Fuklo (Hoklo) migrated from Fujian and eastern Guangdong (Chaoshan and Hailufeng). They spoke Min dialects and settled along the eastern waters of Hong Kong, mainly living on boats.

    Five Great Clans of the New Territories

    • Tangs: Founded by Tang Fu Hip, settled in Kam Tin in the 11th century.
    • Hau Ng Longs: Founded by Hau Ng Long, settled in Sheung Shui in the 12th century.
    • Pangs: Founded by Pang Kwan, settled in Fanling in the 12th century.
    • Lius: Founded by Liu Chong Kit, settled in Sheung Shui in the 14th century.
    • Mans: Founded by Man Mang Sheung, settled in San Tin in the 15th century.

    Walled Villages

    • During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, villagers built protective features around their settlements, including moats, watchtowers, iron gates, ancestral halls, and walls, to defend against pirates and bandits.

    Major Ways of Living

    • Cantonese and Hakka: Primarily farmers, settled in fertile valleys and plains, respectively. Cantonese set up bazaars to sell agricultural products and other goods. Hakka engaged in salt making, brick making, quarrying, and stone cutting, also setting up their own markets.
    • Boat People and Fuklo: Relied on fishing, oyster farming, pearl diving, and shipping industries.

    Traditional Education

    • Cantonese and Hakka used ancestral halls and study halls as schools.
    • Students from Tang and Hau families received scholarly titles through examinations. Study halls employed teachers to teach Chinese classics, history, Confucianism, and calligraphy.
    • Girls had limited access to education.

    Beliefs and Customs

    • Ancestral Worship: Began in the Shang Dynasty (1600 BC - 1046 BC).
    • Popular Religion: Boat people and Fuklo worshipped sea deities like Tin Hau and Hung Shing for safe travel.
    • Traditional Festivals: Specific festivals are listed by month (e.g., Chinese New Year, Hung Shing Festival, etc.) and described in terms of purpose, actions and beliefs.

    Intangible Cultural Heritage of Hong Kong

    • Intangible cultural heritage includes activities, knowledge, skills, and beliefs held by communities as part of their identity, passed down through generations.
    • It encompasses five categories: oral traditions and expressions, performing arts, social practices, rituals and festive events, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe, and traditional craftsmanship. Examples include Cantonese opera, Wong Tai Sin worship, and traditional food preparations, like milk tea, egg tarts, and pineapple buns.

    Chiu Chow Hungry Ghost Festival

    • Held on the 15th day of the 7th lunar month (Ghost Festival).
    • Features: worship of deities, offerings to ghosts, and giving alms.
    • Devotees perform ceremonies, pray for blessings, and make offerings to ancestors and wandering spirits. Donations for needy people and for the community are also encouraged.
    • Layout details (e.g., Heaven and Earth Shed, Shed for Priest, Ancestral Altar) are described.

    Cheung Chau Jino Festival

    • A Taoist ceremony held in the 4th lunar month of the year.
    • Focuses on worshipping deities, offerings to the dead (water and wandering ghosts). Worshippers hold the 'composite-scene parade' to purify the island.
    • Includes a qilin dance, lion dance, and floating colours parade.
    • Important climax for this celebration is the Bun Scrambling Contest.

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    Description

    Explore the rich traditions and history associated with Hakka culture and the Cheung Chau Jiao Festival. This quiz will test your knowledge on important aspects such as dialect groups, clan settlements, and cultural practices that define these communities. Discover the significance of these cultures and their contributions to heritage.

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