Hair Structure and Chemistry Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which category of fiber is less likely to shed and is encountered in torn fabrics?

  • Filament type (correct)
  • Natural fibers
  • Staple type
  • Artificial fibers

    • What is the main type of mineral fiber used in manufacturing, which has decreased use due to its connection with lung cancer?

  • Cellulose fibers
  • Asbestos fibers (correct)
  • Synthetic fibers
  • Vegetable fibers

    • Which class of fibers has the largest representation and many have no commercial value?

  • Mineral fibers
  • Vegetable fibers (correct)
  • Animal fibers
  • Synthetic fibers

    • What is the major constituent of many vegetable fibers?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fiber consists of almost pure cellulose?

    <p>Cotton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fiber is not commonly encountered as evidence due to its filament type?

    <p>Silk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which was the first commercially successful artificial fiber?

    <p>Rayon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are aramid fibers, such as Kevlar, used for?

    <p>Protective clothing and lightweight bulletproof vests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fiber is chemically stable and used for wrinkle-free fabrics, insulation, and cordage?

    <p>Polyester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary technique for the laboratory examination of fibers?

    <p>Microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the hair contains pigment granules determining hair color?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which hair growth phase is the hair in active growth?

    <p>Anagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA is most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs during DNA analysis?

    <p>Nuclear DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to create a cast for scale pattern analysis?

    <p>Scale cast preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the medulla of a hair contain?

    <p>Amorphous, sulfur-rich cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hair phase is valid for comparing relative time spans when collecting hair evidence?

    <p>Anagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are SWGMAT guidelines used for in hair analysis?

    <p>Species determination based on scale pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic scale pattern of human hair?

    <p>Imbricate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA is obtained from the proximal portion of the hair during DNA analysis?

    <p>Mitochondrial DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of shaft diameter for hair, from very fine to very coarse?

    <p>40-50um to 110-120um</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale pattern is characteristic of chinchilla, fox, mink, otter, and raccoon hair?

    <p>Pectinate &amp; Diamond Petal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the circular shaft cross-section of hair suggest?

    <p>Suggestive of Asian (Mongoloid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shape of hair cross-section that is suggestive of African (Negroid) ethnicity?

    <p>Flattened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cross-section is suggestive of European ethnicity?

    <p>Oval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two mechanisms involved in root banding?

    <p>Keratinization and access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed mechanism for post-mortem root banding?

    <p>Microbial Degradation and Degree of Keratinization - Root to Tip Access - Tip to Root GGG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scale pattern is characteristic of lynx and seal hair?

    <p>Petal Characteristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two characteristics associated with cortex scale looping?

    <p>Cortical fusi and ovoid bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two characteristics associated with disulfide bonds in hair?

    <p>Scale patterns - Mosaic Characteristic and Scale patterns - Petal Characteristic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two characteristic shapes associated with fiber cross sections?

    <p>Cellulose and starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main categories of fibers mentioned in the text?

    <p>Natural and Artificial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fiber is less likely to shed and is commonly encountered in torn fabrics?

    <p>Filament type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main type of mineral fiber used in manufacturing, which has decreased use due to its connection with lung cancer?

    <p>Asbestos fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major constituent of many vegetable fibers?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fiber is the first truly synthetic fiber and is used for various products?

    <p>Rayon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second most used textile after wool?

    <p>Silk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fibers are mostly polymers and can be classified as regenerated natural polymers or purely synthetic polymers?

    <p>Artificial fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fiber is chemically stable and used for wrinkle-free fabrics, insulation, and cordage?

    <p>Polyester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary technique for the laboratory examination of fibers?

    <p>Microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are aramid fibers, such as Kevlar, used in?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic scale pattern of bear, camel, cat, cow, coyote, deer, dog, goat, and sheep hair?

    <p>Mosaic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of hair cross-section that is suggestive of Asian (Mongoloid) ethnicity?

    <p>Circular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic scale pattern of chinchilla, fox, mink, otter, and raccoon hair?

    <p>Petal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two mechanisms involved in root banding?

    <p>Keratinization and access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of DNA is most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs during DNA analysis?

    <p>Nuclear DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of shaft diameter for hair, from very fine to very coarse?

    <p>40-50um to 110-120um</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ovoid bodies near the proximal end of telogen hairs contain?

    <p>Pigment granule aggregates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two characteristics associated with disulfide bonds in hair?

    <p>Scale looping and cortical fusi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which hair growth phase does digestion begin below the skin surface?

    <p>Anagen phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shape of hair cross-section that is suggestive of African (Negroid) ethnicity?

    <p>Flattened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central canal of the hair that contains amorphous, sulfur-rich cells?

    <p>Medulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which hair growth phase is the hair in active growth?

    <p>Anagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of DNA is most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs during DNA analysis?

    <p>Nuclear DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines hair color and contains cortical fusi (vacuoles)?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used for species determination based on scale pattern, medullation pattern, medullary index, cross-sectional shape, and pigment distribution?

    <p>Hair analysis flow chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phase of hair is valid for comparing relative time spans when collecting hair evidence?

    <p>Anagen phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used to create a cast for scale pattern analysis?

    <p>Scale casting method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the hair contains pigment granules determining hair color?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cross-section shape is characteristic of human, beaver, and bison hair?

    <p>Imbricate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Forensic Fiber Analysis is only concerned with the examination of natural fibers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asbestos fibers are the main type of mineral fiber used in manufacturing and are also used as fire resistant textiles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synthetic fibers are categorized into three groups: natural, derived, and purely synthetic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vegetable fibers are the largest class of fibers and many have no commercial value.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Silk is the most used textile after wool and is commonly encountered as evidence due to its filament type fiber.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Artificial fibers are mostly polymers and can only be classified as regenerated natural polymers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rayon is the first commercially successful artificial fiber, while polyester was the first truly synthetic fiber and is used for various products.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Microscopy is not the primary technique for the laboratory examination of fibers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fiber identification is based on microscopical and optical properties for natural and synthetic fibers, respectively.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individualization of fibers is possible and involves comparison methods such as length, diameter, degree of twist/curl, and surface features.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Forensic hair analysis does not involve microscopical analysis, drug analysis, identification based on class characteristics, comparison of known and unknown hairs, and DNA analysis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Robust physical and chemical structure and resistance to environmental decomposition make hair uncommon as physical evidence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nylon is chemically stable and used for wrinkle-free fabrics, insulation, and cordage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kevlar fibers are not extremely strong and used in protective clothing and lightweight bulletproof vests.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cotton is not the most common vegetable fiber and does not consist of almost pure cellulose.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animal fibers do not include undyed and dyed cotton, silk, wool, and other animal hairs such as goat, llama, camel, and rabbit hair.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Telogen hairs are easier to interpret than anagen hairs when collecting hair evidence?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Human vs. non-human hair analysis includes guidelines for root shape and cross-section shape?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Mitochondrial DNA is most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs during DNA analysis?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Scale patterns are characteristic of chinchilla, fox, mink, otter, and raccoon hair?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The medulla of a hair contains wide lattice and aeriform lattice patterns?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Imbricate scale patterns are characteristic of human, beaver, and bison hair?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Nuclear DNA is the most likely type of DNA to be obtained from hair during DNA analysis?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Preparing a scale cast is a method used for pigment distribution analysis in hair?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Continuous, absent, interrupted, and fragmentary are medullary patterns found in human hair?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The cortex layer of the hair contains pigment granules that determine hair color?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The outer layer of the hair is called the medulla?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The inner layer of the hair is the central canal containing sulfur-rich cells?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saferstein's Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science is the 7th edition of the book.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The scale pattern of human hair is characteristic of bear, camel, cat, cow, coyote, deer, dog, goat, and sheep hair.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pectinate and diamond petal scale patterns are characteristic of chinchilla, fox, mink, otter, and raccoon hair.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cortex of the hair contains pigment granule aggregates called ovoid bodies.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both cellulose and starch are polymers of glucose.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The book titled 'A Guide to the Analysis of Forensic Dust Specimens' is part of Saferstein's Forensic Science Handbook.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The forensic analysis of fibers is the primary technique for the laboratory examination of fibers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 1985 Rape/Homicide Root Banding Case resulted in the convictions of the 3 defendants being overturned based on hair evidence and DNA tests.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The characteristic shape of hair cross-section that is suggestive of African (Negroid) ethnicity is flattened.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary purpose of SWGMAT guidelines in hair analysis is to provide standards for hair analysis in forensic investigations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    R. Saferstein is the sole author of the book 'Atlas of Human Hair: Microscopic Characteristics'.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The forensic analysis of fibers is the secondary technique for the laboratory examination of fibers.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Forensic Hair Analysis

    • Hair structure: outer layer (cuticle), middle layer (cortex), inner layer (medulla)
    • Cortex contains pigment granules determining hair color and cortical fusi (vacuoles)
    • Medulla is the central canal, containing amorphous, sulfur-rich cells
    • Hair growth phases: anagen (active growth), catagen (regression), telogen (resting phase)
    • Collection of hair evidence: anagen hairs valid for comparing relative time spans, telogen hairs detached and harder to interpret
    • Laboratory examination: microscopical analysis for species, origin, racial characteristics, and disease
    • Human vs. non-human hair analysis: SWGMAT guidelines for coloration, pigment distribution, medullary index, medullary pattern, scale patterns, root shape, and cross-section shape
    • DNA analysis: nuclear DNA most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs, mitochondrial DNA from proximal portion
    • Hair analysis flow chart: species determination based on scale pattern, medullation pattern, medullary index, cross-sectional shape, and pigment distribution
    • Preparing a scale cast: method to create a cast for scale pattern analysis
    • Scale patterns: imbricate characteristic of human, beaver, and bison hair
    • Medullary patterns: continuous, absent, interrupted, fragmentary, amorphous, globular, uniserial ladder, multiserial ladder, wide lattice, aeriform lattice

    Forensic Hair Analysis

    • Hair structure: outer layer (cuticle), middle layer (cortex), inner layer (medulla)
    • Cortex contains pigment granules determining hair color and cortical fusi (vacuoles)
    • Medulla is the central canal, containing amorphous, sulfur-rich cells
    • Hair growth phases: anagen (active growth), catagen (regression), telogen (resting phase)
    • Collection of hair evidence: anagen hairs valid for comparing relative time spans, telogen hairs detached and harder to interpret
    • Laboratory examination: microscopical analysis for species, origin, racial characteristics, and disease
    • Human vs. non-human hair analysis: SWGMAT guidelines for coloration, pigment distribution, medullary index, medullary pattern, scale patterns, root shape, and cross-section shape
    • DNA analysis: nuclear DNA most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs, mitochondrial DNA from proximal portion
    • Hair analysis flow chart: species determination based on scale pattern, medullation pattern, medullary index, cross-sectional shape, and pigment distribution
    • Preparing a scale cast: method to create a cast for scale pattern analysis
    • Scale patterns: imbricate characteristic of human, beaver, and bison hair
    • Medullary patterns: continuous, absent, interrupted, fragmentary, amorphous, globular, uniserial ladder, multiserial ladder, wide lattice, aeriform lattice

    Forensic Hair Analysis

    • Hair structure: outer layer (cuticle), middle layer (cortex), inner layer (medulla)
    • Cortex contains pigment granules determining hair color and cortical fusi (vacuoles)
    • Medulla is the central canal, containing amorphous, sulfur-rich cells
    • Hair growth phases: anagen (active growth), catagen (regression), telogen (resting phase)
    • Collection of hair evidence: anagen hairs valid for comparing relative time spans, telogen hairs detached and harder to interpret
    • Laboratory examination: microscopical analysis for species, origin, racial characteristics, and disease
    • Human vs. non-human hair analysis: SWGMAT guidelines for coloration, pigment distribution, medullary index, medullary pattern, scale patterns, root shape, and cross-section shape
    • DNA analysis: nuclear DNA most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs, mitochondrial DNA from proximal portion
    • Hair analysis flow chart: species determination based on scale pattern, medullation pattern, medullary index, cross-sectional shape, and pigment distribution
    • Preparing a scale cast: method to create a cast for scale pattern analysis
    • Scale patterns: imbricate characteristic of human, beaver, and bison hair
    • Medullary patterns: continuous, absent, interrupted, fragmentary, amorphous, globular, uniserial ladder, multiserial ladder, wide lattice, aeriform lattice

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