Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which category of fiber is less likely to shed and is encountered in torn fabrics?
Which category of fiber is less likely to shed and is encountered in torn fabrics?
- Filament type (correct)
- Natural fibers
- Staple type
- Artificial fibers
What is the main type of mineral fiber used in manufacturing, which has decreased use due to its connection with lung cancer?
What is the main type of mineral fiber used in manufacturing, which has decreased use due to its connection with lung cancer?
- Cellulose fibers
- Asbestos fibers (correct)
- Synthetic fibers
- Vegetable fibers
Which class of fibers has the largest representation and many have no commercial value?
Which class of fibers has the largest representation and many have no commercial value?
- Mineral fibers
- Vegetable fibers (correct)
- Animal fibers
- Synthetic fibers
What is the major constituent of many vegetable fibers?
What is the major constituent of many vegetable fibers?
Which fiber consists of almost pure cellulose?
Which fiber consists of almost pure cellulose?
Which fiber is not commonly encountered as evidence due to its filament type?
Which fiber is not commonly encountered as evidence due to its filament type?
Which was the first commercially successful artificial fiber?
Which was the first commercially successful artificial fiber?
What are aramid fibers, such as Kevlar, used for?
What are aramid fibers, such as Kevlar, used for?
Which fiber is chemically stable and used for wrinkle-free fabrics, insulation, and cordage?
Which fiber is chemically stable and used for wrinkle-free fabrics, insulation, and cordage?
What is the primary technique for the laboratory examination of fibers?
What is the primary technique for the laboratory examination of fibers?
Which layer of the hair contains pigment granules determining hair color?
Which layer of the hair contains pigment granules determining hair color?
During which hair growth phase is the hair in active growth?
During which hair growth phase is the hair in active growth?
Which type of DNA is most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs during DNA analysis?
Which type of DNA is most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs during DNA analysis?
What method is used to create a cast for scale pattern analysis?
What method is used to create a cast for scale pattern analysis?
What does the medulla of a hair contain?
What does the medulla of a hair contain?
Which hair phase is valid for comparing relative time spans when collecting hair evidence?
Which hair phase is valid for comparing relative time spans when collecting hair evidence?
What are SWGMAT guidelines used for in hair analysis?
What are SWGMAT guidelines used for in hair analysis?
What is the characteristic scale pattern of human hair?
What is the characteristic scale pattern of human hair?
Which type of DNA is obtained from the proximal portion of the hair during DNA analysis?
Which type of DNA is obtained from the proximal portion of the hair during DNA analysis?
What is the range of shaft diameter for hair, from very fine to very coarse?
What is the range of shaft diameter for hair, from very fine to very coarse?
Which scale pattern is characteristic of chinchilla, fox, mink, otter, and raccoon hair?
Which scale pattern is characteristic of chinchilla, fox, mink, otter, and raccoon hair?
What does the circular shaft cross-section of hair suggest?
What does the circular shaft cross-section of hair suggest?
What is the characteristic shape of hair cross-section that is suggestive of African (Negroid) ethnicity?
What is the characteristic shape of hair cross-section that is suggestive of African (Negroid) ethnicity?
What type of cross-section is suggestive of European ethnicity?
What type of cross-section is suggestive of European ethnicity?
What are the two mechanisms involved in root banding?
What are the two mechanisms involved in root banding?
What is the proposed mechanism for post-mortem root banding?
What is the proposed mechanism for post-mortem root banding?
Which scale pattern is characteristic of lynx and seal hair?
Which scale pattern is characteristic of lynx and seal hair?
What are the two characteristics associated with cortex scale looping?
What are the two characteristics associated with cortex scale looping?
What are the two characteristics associated with disulfide bonds in hair?
What are the two characteristics associated with disulfide bonds in hair?
What are the two characteristic shapes associated with fiber cross sections?
What are the two characteristic shapes associated with fiber cross sections?
What are the main categories of fibers mentioned in the text?
What are the main categories of fibers mentioned in the text?
Which type of fiber is less likely to shed and is commonly encountered in torn fabrics?
Which type of fiber is less likely to shed and is commonly encountered in torn fabrics?
What is the main type of mineral fiber used in manufacturing, which has decreased use due to its connection with lung cancer?
What is the main type of mineral fiber used in manufacturing, which has decreased use due to its connection with lung cancer?
What is the major constituent of many vegetable fibers?
What is the major constituent of many vegetable fibers?
Which fiber is the first truly synthetic fiber and is used for various products?
Which fiber is the first truly synthetic fiber and is used for various products?
What is the second most used textile after wool?
What is the second most used textile after wool?
What type of fibers are mostly polymers and can be classified as regenerated natural polymers or purely synthetic polymers?
What type of fibers are mostly polymers and can be classified as regenerated natural polymers or purely synthetic polymers?
Which fiber is chemically stable and used for wrinkle-free fabrics, insulation, and cordage?
Which fiber is chemically stable and used for wrinkle-free fabrics, insulation, and cordage?
What is the primary technique for the laboratory examination of fibers?
What is the primary technique for the laboratory examination of fibers?
What are aramid fibers, such as Kevlar, used in?
What are aramid fibers, such as Kevlar, used in?
What is the characteristic scale pattern of bear, camel, cat, cow, coyote, deer, dog, goat, and sheep hair?
What is the characteristic scale pattern of bear, camel, cat, cow, coyote, deer, dog, goat, and sheep hair?
What is the shape of hair cross-section that is suggestive of Asian (Mongoloid) ethnicity?
What is the shape of hair cross-section that is suggestive of Asian (Mongoloid) ethnicity?
What is the characteristic scale pattern of chinchilla, fox, mink, otter, and raccoon hair?
What is the characteristic scale pattern of chinchilla, fox, mink, otter, and raccoon hair?
What are the two mechanisms involved in root banding?
What are the two mechanisms involved in root banding?
What type of DNA is most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs during DNA analysis?
What type of DNA is most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs during DNA analysis?
What is the range of shaft diameter for hair, from very fine to very coarse?
What is the range of shaft diameter for hair, from very fine to very coarse?
What does the ovoid bodies near the proximal end of telogen hairs contain?
What does the ovoid bodies near the proximal end of telogen hairs contain?
What are the two characteristics associated with disulfide bonds in hair?
What are the two characteristics associated with disulfide bonds in hair?
During which hair growth phase does digestion begin below the skin surface?
During which hair growth phase does digestion begin below the skin surface?
What is the characteristic shape of hair cross-section that is suggestive of African (Negroid) ethnicity?
What is the characteristic shape of hair cross-section that is suggestive of African (Negroid) ethnicity?
What is the central canal of the hair that contains amorphous, sulfur-rich cells?
What is the central canal of the hair that contains amorphous, sulfur-rich cells?
During which hair growth phase is the hair in active growth?
During which hair growth phase is the hair in active growth?
Which type of DNA is most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs during DNA analysis?
Which type of DNA is most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs during DNA analysis?
What determines hair color and contains cortical fusi (vacuoles)?
What determines hair color and contains cortical fusi (vacuoles)?
What is used for species determination based on scale pattern, medullation pattern, medullary index, cross-sectional shape, and pigment distribution?
What is used for species determination based on scale pattern, medullation pattern, medullary index, cross-sectional shape, and pigment distribution?
What phase of hair is valid for comparing relative time spans when collecting hair evidence?
What phase of hair is valid for comparing relative time spans when collecting hair evidence?
What is the method used to create a cast for scale pattern analysis?
What is the method used to create a cast for scale pattern analysis?
Which layer of the hair contains pigment granules determining hair color?
Which layer of the hair contains pigment granules determining hair color?
What type of cross-section shape is characteristic of human, beaver, and bison hair?
What type of cross-section shape is characteristic of human, beaver, and bison hair?
Forensic Fiber Analysis is only concerned with the examination of natural fibers.
Forensic Fiber Analysis is only concerned with the examination of natural fibers.
Asbestos fibers are the main type of mineral fiber used in manufacturing and are also used as fire resistant textiles.
Asbestos fibers are the main type of mineral fiber used in manufacturing and are also used as fire resistant textiles.
Synthetic fibers are categorized into three groups: natural, derived, and purely synthetic.
Synthetic fibers are categorized into three groups: natural, derived, and purely synthetic.
Vegetable fibers are the largest class of fibers and many have no commercial value.
Vegetable fibers are the largest class of fibers and many have no commercial value.
Silk is the most used textile after wool and is commonly encountered as evidence due to its filament type fiber.
Silk is the most used textile after wool and is commonly encountered as evidence due to its filament type fiber.
Artificial fibers are mostly polymers and can only be classified as regenerated natural polymers.
Artificial fibers are mostly polymers and can only be classified as regenerated natural polymers.
Rayon is the first commercially successful artificial fiber, while polyester was the first truly synthetic fiber and is used for various products.
Rayon is the first commercially successful artificial fiber, while polyester was the first truly synthetic fiber and is used for various products.
Microscopy is not the primary technique for the laboratory examination of fibers.
Microscopy is not the primary technique for the laboratory examination of fibers.
Fiber identification is based on microscopical and optical properties for natural and synthetic fibers, respectively.
Fiber identification is based on microscopical and optical properties for natural and synthetic fibers, respectively.
Individualization of fibers is possible and involves comparison methods such as length, diameter, degree of twist/curl, and surface features.
Individualization of fibers is possible and involves comparison methods such as length, diameter, degree of twist/curl, and surface features.
Forensic hair analysis does not involve microscopical analysis, drug analysis, identification based on class characteristics, comparison of known and unknown hairs, and DNA analysis.
Forensic hair analysis does not involve microscopical analysis, drug analysis, identification based on class characteristics, comparison of known and unknown hairs, and DNA analysis.
Robust physical and chemical structure and resistance to environmental decomposition make hair uncommon as physical evidence.
Robust physical and chemical structure and resistance to environmental decomposition make hair uncommon as physical evidence.
Nylon is chemically stable and used for wrinkle-free fabrics, insulation, and cordage.
Nylon is chemically stable and used for wrinkle-free fabrics, insulation, and cordage.
Kevlar fibers are not extremely strong and used in protective clothing and lightweight bulletproof vests.
Kevlar fibers are not extremely strong and used in protective clothing and lightweight bulletproof vests.
Cotton is not the most common vegetable fiber and does not consist of almost pure cellulose.
Cotton is not the most common vegetable fiber and does not consist of almost pure cellulose.
Animal fibers do not include undyed and dyed cotton, silk, wool, and other animal hairs such as goat, llama, camel, and rabbit hair.
Animal fibers do not include undyed and dyed cotton, silk, wool, and other animal hairs such as goat, llama, camel, and rabbit hair.
True or false: Telogen hairs are easier to interpret than anagen hairs when collecting hair evidence?
True or false: Telogen hairs are easier to interpret than anagen hairs when collecting hair evidence?
True or false: Human vs. non-human hair analysis includes guidelines for root shape and cross-section shape?
True or false: Human vs. non-human hair analysis includes guidelines for root shape and cross-section shape?
True or false: Mitochondrial DNA is most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs during DNA analysis?
True or false: Mitochondrial DNA is most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs during DNA analysis?
True or false: Scale patterns are characteristic of chinchilla, fox, mink, otter, and raccoon hair?
True or false: Scale patterns are characteristic of chinchilla, fox, mink, otter, and raccoon hair?
True or false: The medulla of a hair contains wide lattice and aeriform lattice patterns?
True or false: The medulla of a hair contains wide lattice and aeriform lattice patterns?
True or false: Imbricate scale patterns are characteristic of human, beaver, and bison hair?
True or false: Imbricate scale patterns are characteristic of human, beaver, and bison hair?
True or false: Nuclear DNA is the most likely type of DNA to be obtained from hair during DNA analysis?
True or false: Nuclear DNA is the most likely type of DNA to be obtained from hair during DNA analysis?
True or false: Preparing a scale cast is a method used for pigment distribution analysis in hair?
True or false: Preparing a scale cast is a method used for pigment distribution analysis in hair?
True or false: Continuous, absent, interrupted, and fragmentary are medullary patterns found in human hair?
True or false: Continuous, absent, interrupted, and fragmentary are medullary patterns found in human hair?
True or false: The cortex layer of the hair contains pigment granules that determine hair color?
True or false: The cortex layer of the hair contains pigment granules that determine hair color?
True or false: The outer layer of the hair is called the medulla?
True or false: The outer layer of the hair is called the medulla?
True or false: The inner layer of the hair is the central canal containing sulfur-rich cells?
True or false: The inner layer of the hair is the central canal containing sulfur-rich cells?
Saferstein's Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science is the 7th edition of the book.
Saferstein's Criminalistics: An Introduction to Forensic Science is the 7th edition of the book.
The scale pattern of human hair is characteristic of bear, camel, cat, cow, coyote, deer, dog, goat, and sheep hair.
The scale pattern of human hair is characteristic of bear, camel, cat, cow, coyote, deer, dog, goat, and sheep hair.
Pectinate and diamond petal scale patterns are characteristic of chinchilla, fox, mink, otter, and raccoon hair.
Pectinate and diamond petal scale patterns are characteristic of chinchilla, fox, mink, otter, and raccoon hair.
The cortex of the hair contains pigment granule aggregates called ovoid bodies.
The cortex of the hair contains pigment granule aggregates called ovoid bodies.
Both cellulose and starch are polymers of glucose.
Both cellulose and starch are polymers of glucose.
The book titled 'A Guide to the Analysis of Forensic Dust Specimens' is part of Saferstein's Forensic Science Handbook.
The book titled 'A Guide to the Analysis of Forensic Dust Specimens' is part of Saferstein's Forensic Science Handbook.
The forensic analysis of fibers is the primary technique for the laboratory examination of fibers.
The forensic analysis of fibers is the primary technique for the laboratory examination of fibers.
The 1985 Rape/Homicide Root Banding Case resulted in the convictions of the 3 defendants being overturned based on hair evidence and DNA tests.
The 1985 Rape/Homicide Root Banding Case resulted in the convictions of the 3 defendants being overturned based on hair evidence and DNA tests.
The characteristic shape of hair cross-section that is suggestive of African (Negroid) ethnicity is flattened.
The characteristic shape of hair cross-section that is suggestive of African (Negroid) ethnicity is flattened.
The primary purpose of SWGMAT guidelines in hair analysis is to provide standards for hair analysis in forensic investigations.
The primary purpose of SWGMAT guidelines in hair analysis is to provide standards for hair analysis in forensic investigations.
R. Saferstein is the sole author of the book 'Atlas of Human Hair: Microscopic Characteristics'.
R. Saferstein is the sole author of the book 'Atlas of Human Hair: Microscopic Characteristics'.
The forensic analysis of fibers is the secondary technique for the laboratory examination of fibers.
The forensic analysis of fibers is the secondary technique for the laboratory examination of fibers.
Study Notes
Forensic Hair Analysis
- Hair structure: outer layer (cuticle), middle layer (cortex), inner layer (medulla)
- Cortex contains pigment granules determining hair color and cortical fusi (vacuoles)
- Medulla is the central canal, containing amorphous, sulfur-rich cells
- Hair growth phases: anagen (active growth), catagen (regression), telogen (resting phase)
- Collection of hair evidence: anagen hairs valid for comparing relative time spans, telogen hairs detached and harder to interpret
- Laboratory examination: microscopical analysis for species, origin, racial characteristics, and disease
- Human vs. non-human hair analysis: SWGMAT guidelines for coloration, pigment distribution, medullary index, medullary pattern, scale patterns, root shape, and cross-section shape
- DNA analysis: nuclear DNA most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs, mitochondrial DNA from proximal portion
- Hair analysis flow chart: species determination based on scale pattern, medullation pattern, medullary index, cross-sectional shape, and pigment distribution
- Preparing a scale cast: method to create a cast for scale pattern analysis
- Scale patterns: imbricate characteristic of human, beaver, and bison hair
- Medullary patterns: continuous, absent, interrupted, fragmentary, amorphous, globular, uniserial ladder, multiserial ladder, wide lattice, aeriform lattice
Forensic Hair Analysis
- Hair structure: outer layer (cuticle), middle layer (cortex), inner layer (medulla)
- Cortex contains pigment granules determining hair color and cortical fusi (vacuoles)
- Medulla is the central canal, containing amorphous, sulfur-rich cells
- Hair growth phases: anagen (active growth), catagen (regression), telogen (resting phase)
- Collection of hair evidence: anagen hairs valid for comparing relative time spans, telogen hairs detached and harder to interpret
- Laboratory examination: microscopical analysis for species, origin, racial characteristics, and disease
- Human vs. non-human hair analysis: SWGMAT guidelines for coloration, pigment distribution, medullary index, medullary pattern, scale patterns, root shape, and cross-section shape
- DNA analysis: nuclear DNA most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs, mitochondrial DNA from proximal portion
- Hair analysis flow chart: species determination based on scale pattern, medullation pattern, medullary index, cross-sectional shape, and pigment distribution
- Preparing a scale cast: method to create a cast for scale pattern analysis
- Scale patterns: imbricate characteristic of human, beaver, and bison hair
- Medullary patterns: continuous, absent, interrupted, fragmentary, amorphous, globular, uniserial ladder, multiserial ladder, wide lattice, aeriform lattice
Forensic Hair Analysis
- Hair structure: outer layer (cuticle), middle layer (cortex), inner layer (medulla)
- Cortex contains pigment granules determining hair color and cortical fusi (vacuoles)
- Medulla is the central canal, containing amorphous, sulfur-rich cells
- Hair growth phases: anagen (active growth), catagen (regression), telogen (resting phase)
- Collection of hair evidence: anagen hairs valid for comparing relative time spans, telogen hairs detached and harder to interpret
- Laboratory examination: microscopical analysis for species, origin, racial characteristics, and disease
- Human vs. non-human hair analysis: SWGMAT guidelines for coloration, pigment distribution, medullary index, medullary pattern, scale patterns, root shape, and cross-section shape
- DNA analysis: nuclear DNA most likely to be obtained from anagen hairs, mitochondrial DNA from proximal portion
- Hair analysis flow chart: species determination based on scale pattern, medullation pattern, medullary index, cross-sectional shape, and pigment distribution
- Preparing a scale cast: method to create a cast for scale pattern analysis
- Scale patterns: imbricate characteristic of human, beaver, and bison hair
- Medullary patterns: continuous, absent, interrupted, fragmentary, amorphous, globular, uniserial ladder, multiserial ladder, wide lattice, aeriform lattice
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Test your knowledge of the structure and chemical properties of hair with this quiz. Learn about the impact of pH levels and temperature on hair stability, as well as the role of disulfide bonds in hair chemistry.
