Questions and Answers
What are the three different processes of shampoo?
Scalp care and massage, shampooing, and conditioning.
What are the two basic requirements for a healthy scalp?
Cleanliness and stimulation.
When are massage techniques usually initiated?
After the hair has been cleansed, with the conditioning service.
Who is massage not recommended for?
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What is the main difference between the massage techniques used for relaxation and for treatment?
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What is the purpose of a general scalp treatment?
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When should a hair or scalp treatment be recommended?
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During a dry hair and scalp treatment, what can be used to help resolve the moisture balance?
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What do modern anti-dandruff shampoos contain?
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What is the fungus called that causes dandruff?
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When is brushing, massaging, or shampooing the scalp not recommended?
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What are the most highly recommended hairbrushes made from?
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What must a shampoo do to be effective?
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What should you always maintain to protect against physical problems while performing a shampoo?
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For chemically treated hair, what product may be required and why?
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What can a high pH shampoo do to the hair?
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What type of shampoo closely matches the ideal pH of hair?
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How is freshwater from lakes and streams purified?
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Before the water enters public water pipelines, what is added to kill bacteria?
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What temperature must water reach to destroy most microbes?
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What is distillation?
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What is sedimentation?
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What is filtration?
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When is distillation often used?
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What is deionized water?
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What is the second ingredient that most shampoos have in common?
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What are the two ends of a surfactant molecule called?
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What does the hydrophilic head of a surfactant do?
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What does the lipophilic tail of a surfactant do?
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What is a moisturizer?
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What does a pH balanced shampoo balance to?
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Many shampoos are pH balanced by the addition of what?
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What do shampoos that are pH balanced help to do?
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What is conditioning shampoo?
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What are two examples of conditioning agents that boost shampoo?
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What do conditioning agents do?
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What does non-stripping mean?
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What are medicated shampoos?
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What are clarifying shampoos?
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What is balancing shampoo?
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What is sulfate free shampoo?
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What are neutralizing shampoos?
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What is color enhancing shampoo?
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What are humectants?
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The cortex makes up how much of the hair strand?
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How can the cortex be penetrated?
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What is a protein conditioner?
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What does scalp astringent lotion do?
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What is deep conditioning treatment?
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What are the two types of draping that are used in the salon?
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What is the neck strip used for?
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How do you drape your client?
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Why should you examine the condition of the scalp?
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When applying shampoo, where do you begin?
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Study Notes
Shampoo Processes
- Three main processes: scalp care and massage, shampooing, and conditioning.
Healthy Scalp Requirements
- A healthy scalp requires cleanliness and stimulation.
Massage Techniques
- Initiated post-cleansing during the conditioning service.
Massage Contraindications
- Not recommended for clients with severe uncontrolled hypertension.
Massage Techniques: Relaxation vs. Treatment
- Main difference lies in the products used.
General Scalp Treatment Purpose
- Maintains scalp and hair in a clean, healthy state.
Hair and Scalp Treatment Recommendations
- Should occur after a thorough hair and scalp examination.
Dry Hair and Scalp Treatment
- A scalp steamer can help restore moisture balance.
Anti-Dandruff Products
- Modern products include anti-fungal agents to control dandruff caused by Malassezia fungus.
When Not to Brush or Shampoo
- Avoid if the scalp is irritated or after certain chemical services (e.g., coloring).
Recommended Hairbrush Materials
- Brushes made from natural bristles are most effective.
Natural Bristles Function
- Have overlapping scales that clean and add luster to hair.
Shampoo Effectiveness
- Must remove dirt, oils, and debris without harm to hair or scalp.
Importance of Good Posture
- Protects against physical problems when performing shampoos.
Shampoo for Chemically Treated Hair
- A sulfate-free shampoo is necessary for gentler cleansing and conditioning.
High pH Shampoo Effects
- Can leave hair dry, brittle, and porous, and may fade color-treated hair.
Ideal Shampoo pH
- Slightly acidic shampoos closely match hair's natural pH.
Water Purification
- Freshwater from lakes/streams purified via sedimentation and filtration.
Water Treatment Before Public Supply
- Chlorine is added to kill bacteria in water pipelines.
Boiling Temperature for Sterilization
- Water must reach 212°F to destroy most microbes.
Distillation Process
- Involves heating water to create vapor and then condensing it back into liquid.
Sedimentation Process
- Occurs when matter sinks to the bottom of a liquid.
Filtration Process
- Water passes through a porous substance like filter paper or charcoal.
Distillation Usage
- Commonly used in manufacturing cosmetics.
Deionized Water
- Water with removed impurities like calcium and magnesium, stabilizing products.
Common Shampoo Ingredient
- Primary surfactant or base detergent is essential in most shampoos.
Surfactant Molecule Structure
- Contains a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and a lipophilic (oil-attracting) tail.
Purpose of Moisturizers
- To add moisture and help retain it in dry hair; often contains oils and proteins.
pH Balance in Shampoos
- Aims to match pH of skin and hair (4.5 to 5.5), often achieved with acids.
pH Balanced Shampoo Functionality
- Helps close hair cuticles and is recommended for color-treated or lightened hair.
Conditioning Shampoo Characteristics
- Improves hair smoothness, shine, and manageability.
Examples of Conditioning Agents
- Protein and biotin boost shampoo effectiveness for current grooming needs.
Conditioning Agents Benefits
- Restore moisture, elasticity, strengthen hair, and add volume.
Non-Stripping Shampoo
- Does not remove artificial hair color.
Medicated Shampoos
- Contain ingredients effective for reducing dandruff and alleviating scalp conditions.
Clarifying Shampoos Function
- Binds to and removes metals from hair, enhancing manageability.
Balancing Shampoo Use
- Effective for oily hair/scalp; removes excess oil without drying hair.
Sulfate-Free Shampoos
- Formulated with little/no alkaline to reduce harshness.
Neutralizing Shampoos
- Rebalance hair's pH by neutralizing alkali and removing unwanted residues.
Color Enhancing Shampoos
- Combine surfactant base with color pigments for enhanced hue.
Humectants Definition
- Substances that absorb and retain moisture.
Cortex Composition
- Makes up 90% of the hair strand.
Penetration of the Cortex
- Achievable with protein conditioners.
Protein Conditioners
- Reinforce the hair shaft from within for temporary reconstruction.
Scalp Astringent Lotion Purpose
- Removes oil buildup from the scalp post-treatment before styling.
Deep Conditioning Treatment
- Also known as hair mask, is a mix of concentrated proteins and moisture.
Types of Draping in Salon
- Shampoo and chemical service draping are commonly used.
Purpose of Neck Strip
- Allows natural fall of hair during cutting, improving precision.
Draping Procedure
- Secure a neck strip, fasten a cape over it, ensuring the cape doesn't touch the skin.
Scalp Condition Examination
- Essential to check for abrasions before treatment.
Shampoo Application Technique
- Begin at the hairline, working back with fingertip cushions for lathering.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential hair care processes, including scalp care, shampooing, and conditioning. This quiz covers crucial information for maintaining a healthy scalp and effective massage techniques. Perfect for beauty school students and hair care enthusiasts!