Haemorrhage and Bleeding Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes a crush injury?

It is typically associated with minor swelling and bruising.

It is caused by applying force over a long period of time. (correct)

It results from direct impact with a hard surface.

It involves only superficial tissue damage.

Which of the following is a common sign of a wound indicating possible infection?

Light tenderness to the touch

Clear discharge from the wound

Minimal swelling around the area

Fever or generalized chills (correct)

Which of the following actions is appropriate when managing a bleeding wound?

Advise the casualty to eat something before help arrives.

Apply ice directly to the wound area.

Remove any foreign object deeply embedded in the wound.

Wash the wound with a clean water source for 10-15 minutes. (correct)

What is the recommended position for a casualty with a suspected internal bleeding?

Supine with shoulders slightly raised Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with a haematoma?

Excessive bleeding from an open wound Signup and view all the answers

What should NOT be done when dealing with a wound that has a foreign body embedded?

Remove the foreign body as quickly as possible. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for applying a dressing to a wound?

To prevent infection and keep the area clean. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an important step when managing external bleeding?

Ensure that the casualty is calm while waiting for help. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes first intention healing from other types?

Healing occurs quickly with minimal scarring and less risk of infection. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of internal bleeding?

Pale skin and low blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in managing external bleeding?

Elevate the bleeding part and apply firm pressure. Signup and view all the answers

When is it appropriate to use a tourniquet?

When there is significant bleeding that cannot be controlled by direct pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is least likely to impede wound healing?

Adequate blood transfusion. Signup and view all the answers

What complication arises due to the involvement of blood vessels in a wound?

Hemorrhage. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about third intention healing is correct?

It is characterized by hyper granulation and delayed healing. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is crucial for promoting wound healing?

Adequate balanced diet. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes epistaxis?

Bleeding that occurs from a vein in the nose Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended position for a casualty experiencing a nosebleed?

Sitting upright with their head tilted forward Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of applying a tourniquet?

To stop the bleeding from a severely damaged limb Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a guideline for effective tourniquet application?

It should be applied directly on the skin Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hemoptysis from other types of bleeding?

Blood is bright red and frothy due to oxygen content Signup and view all the answers

In the context of bleeding management, what should be the initial response to external bleeding?

Apply pressure directly to the wound Signup and view all the answers

When should a tourniquet be loosened during application?

Every 15 minutes if bleeding restarts Signup and view all the answers

What color is the blood typically associated with vomiting blood from the upper gastrointestinal tract?

Brown, resembling coffee grounds Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Haemorrhage or Bleeding

Haemorrhage is the oozing or escape of blood from blood vessels
Three main types of blood vessels include arteries, veins, and capillaries
Causes of haemorrhage include direct injury to blood vessels, diseases of blood vessels (infection or malignancy), and diseases of the blood itself (e.g., haemophilia)

Classification of Bleeding

Bleeding can be classified by source
- Arterial bleeding: spurting, bright red blood, profuse and rapid due to high pressure
- Venous bleeding: slow, steady flow, dark red blood, easier to control due to less pressure
- Capillary bleeding: oozing, dark red blood, occurs in superficial wounds like abrasions, easily controlled due to low pressure
Bleeding can be classified by time
- Primary haemorrhage: occurs at the time of injury or disease
- Reactionary haemorrhage: occurs within 24 hours of injury or operation due to body's reaction
- Secondary haemorrhage: occurs after 24 hours, often due to infection
Bleeding can be classified by situation
- Internal bleeding: internal leakage of blood in body cavities (e.g., fracture)
- External bleeding: external leakage of blood onto the surface of the skin (e.g., wound)

Internal Bleeding

Internal bleeding may not have external signs of blood loss
It can lead to shock due to blood loss and resultant pressure on organs like lungs and brain
Signs include weak pulse, cold clammy skin, thirst, rapid breathing, confusion, and possible collapse/unconsciousness

External Bleeding

External bleeding is visible on the surface of the skin
Signs/symptoms include pale, cold, clammy skin, rapid weak pulse, thirst, rapid/shallow breathing, and confusion
First aid includes laying casualty on their back with legs raised, reassuring them, monitoring vital signs, and securing the wound/bleeding with pressure

Special Types of Bleeding

Epistaxis (nosebleed)
- Causes: injury, infection, foreign objects, high altitude, heredity, etc
- Symptoms: bleeding from one or both nostrils, sensation of liquid in throat, urge to swallow
- First aid: reassuring the patient, having them sit up and lean forward, pinching the soft part of the nose
Bleeding from a tooth socket
- Causes: falls, collision, or direct blow to the face
- Symptoms: bleeding from the mouth, pain, swelling
- First aid: reassurance, placing gently, ice on affected area, and seeking aid promptly
Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
- Causes: lung injury, infection, foreign body
- Symptoms: coughing up blood, often frothy
- First aid: reassurance, sitting position, ice, and medical aid
Hematemesis (vomiting blood)
- Causes: peptic ulcers, swallowing of coughed blood, fractured skull
- Symptoms: vomiting blood (usually dark in colour), pale, cold appearance, faint
- First aid: reassurance, sitting or lying with head slightly forward, ice packs, transportation to hospital
Melena (black stool)
- Causes: bleeding in the lower intestines
- Symptoms: black stool, foul odour
- First aid: medical aid
Uterine bleeding
- Occurs when bleeding from the uterus, excluding menstruation
- Causes: threatened abortion, miscarriage
- First aid: putting patient in bed, elevating the feet, reassure, pads on vulva, and seek immediate medical attention
Hematuria (blood in urine)
- Causes: injury or disease in the urinary tract
- Symptoms: bright red urine
- First aid: reassurance, keep calm and quiet, check vital signs, and seek hospital aid
Rectal bleeding
- Bleeding from the rectum
- Causes: hemorrhoids, rectal fissure, direct pressure, bowel injury
- Symptoms: blood streaked feces, bleeding through rectum
- First aid: keep casualty still & quiet, apply ice, offer reassurance, and arrange hospital transport
Bleeding from a varicose vein
- Causes: pregnancy, obesity, occupations involving standing for prolonged periods, and hereditary factors
- Symptoms: pain, varicose veins
- First aid: place patient in bed, elevate lower limbs, and reassure

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Description

Test your knowledge on haemorrhage, the types of bleeding, and their classifications. This quiz explores the causes, characteristics of blood vessel injuries, and reactions to bleeding. Understand arterial, venous, and capillary bleeding along with their time classifications.