Haemoglobin

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Questions and Answers

Which type of haemoglobin is present in the highest percentage in adults?

  • Haemoglobin A1 (correct)
  • Foetal Haemoglobin
  • Haemoglobin A2
  • Haemoglobin with Delta type subunits

How many haem groups are present in Haemoglobin A1?

  • 2
  • 4 (correct)
  • 1
  • 3

Which type of haemoglobin has two Alpha type and two Gamma type subunits?

  • Haemoglobin A1
  • Haemoglobin with Delta type subunits
  • Foetal Haemoglobin (correct)
  • Haemoglobin A2

What is the state of the iron atom when it associates with O2?

<p>Fe2+ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the shape of other subunits when the haem group in the 'relaxed' state binds to oxygen?

<p>They become more flexible (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions would cause a leftward shift in the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve?

<p>Decrease in temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an increase in 2-3 DPG levels have on the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve?

<p>Shifts the curve to the right (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions would cause a decrease in the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen?

<p>Decreased pH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of increased CO2 in shifting the curves?

<p>Destabilizes interaction of hemoglobin with O2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule interacts with amino acids on b chains and destabilizes the interaction of hemoglobin with O2?

<p>2-3-Diphosphoglycerate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does altitude training have on 2-3-Diphosphoglycerate levels?

<p>Increases levels of 2-3-Diphosphoglycerate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) affect oxygen release by hemoglobin?

<p>It increases oxygen release. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an increase in temperature have on the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve?

<p>Rightward shift (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve relate to hypoxia?

<p>A rightward shift in the curve decreases oxygen affinity and can lead to hypoxia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of carbon dioxide is the most abundant in the blood?

<p>Bicarbonate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When carbon dioxide (CO2) enters red blood cells (RBCs), what percentage of it forms compounds with hemoglobin?

<p>21% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of bicarbonate and H+ from carbon dioxide in the red blood cells?

<p>Carbonic anhydrase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much carbon dioxide is picked up through capillaries in the blood?

<p>4ml/dL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ion enters the cell down its concentration gradient during the chloride shift?

<p>HCO3- (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between bicarbonate and hydrogen ions?

<p>H2CO3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of hydrogen ions from hemoglobin in the alveoli which helps in unloading carbon dioxide (CO2)?

<p>High pO2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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