21 Questions
Which type of haemoglobin is present in the highest percentage in adults?
Haemoglobin A1
How many haem groups are present in Haemoglobin A1?
4
Which type of haemoglobin has two Alpha type and two Gamma type subunits?
Foetal Haemoglobin
What is the state of the iron atom when it associates with O2?
Fe2+
What happens to the shape of other subunits when the haem group in the 'relaxed' state binds to oxygen?
They become more flexible
Which of the following conditions would cause a leftward shift in the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve?
Decrease in temperature
What effect does an increase in 2-3 DPG levels have on the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve?
Shifts the curve to the right
Which of the following conditions would cause a decrease in the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen?
Decreased pH
What is the role of increased CO2 in shifting the curves?
Destabilizes interaction of hemoglobin with O2
Which molecule interacts with amino acids on b chains and destabilizes the interaction of hemoglobin with O2?
2-3-Diphosphoglycerate
What effect does altitude training have on 2-3-Diphosphoglycerate levels?
Increases levels of 2-3-Diphosphoglycerate
How does an increase in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) affect oxygen release by hemoglobin?
It increases oxygen release.
What effect does an increase in temperature have on the haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve?
Rightward shift
How does a shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve relate to hypoxia?
A rightward shift in the curve decreases oxygen affinity and can lead to hypoxia.
Which form of carbon dioxide is the most abundant in the blood?
Bicarbonate
When carbon dioxide (CO2) enters red blood cells (RBCs), what percentage of it forms compounds with hemoglobin?
21%
Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of bicarbonate and H+ from carbon dioxide in the red blood cells?
Carbonic anhydrase
How much carbon dioxide is picked up through capillaries in the blood?
4ml/dL
Which ion enters the cell down its concentration gradient during the chloride shift?
HCO3-
What is the product of the reaction between bicarbonate and hydrogen ions?
H2CO3
What triggers the release of hydrogen ions from hemoglobin in the alveoli which helps in unloading carbon dioxide (CO2)?
High pO2
Test your knowledge on haemoglobin and its role in the transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Learn about its complex protein structure and the different types of haemoglobin. Explore the structure of haemoglobin A1 and its protein subunits and haem groups.
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