Habitat and Lifestyle of Warblers
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Questions and Answers

What method is used to visualize mycorrhizal fungi in roots?

  • Transmitting electron microscopy
  • Confocal laser scanning
  • Fluorescent staining (correct)
  • Live cell imaging

    • Why do farmers alternate clover with other crops?

  • Clover promotes soil erosion
  • Clover enhances soil respiration
  • Clover reduces crop rotation efficiency
  • Clover adds nitrogen to the soil (correct)

    • Which organism is adapted to extremely low temperatures?

  • Snow algae
  • Antarctic springtail (correct)
  • Mycorrhizal fungus
  • Archaebacteria

    • What adaptation allows snow algae to survive in cold environments?

    <p>Antifreeze proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature can archaebacteria survive?

    <p>110 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of environment can you find snow algae?

    <p>Snowfields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mycorrhizal fungi affect root shape?

    <p>They enhance the root branching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organisms are specifically adapted to extreme environments?

    <p>Archaebacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of rhizobia in relation to clover plants?

    <p>They remove nitrogen from the soil and convert it into usable forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following legumes is NOT mentioned in the content as having a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia?

    <p>Sunflowers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to the nodules before placing them on a microscope slide?

    <p>Cut them open and add a dye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety precaution is indicated for examining nodules?

    <p>Cut with extreme care when cutting nodules from roots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to keep the clover roots intact when digging them up?

    <p>To preserve the symbiotic relationship with rhizobia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be inferred if bacteria are observed from the crushed nodule during the analysis phase?

    <p>The symbiotic relationship between the plant and bacteria is functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which material is used to stain the nodules for microscopic observation?

    <p>Methylene blue dye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be a potential consequence if legumes could not form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia?

    <p>They would lack sufficient nitrogen for healthy growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes most organisms in the tropics?

    <p>They are specialists with adaptations suited to specific conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential downside of specialization in tropic species?

    <p>It can restrict species from adapting to new environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does specialization affect species diversity in the tropics?

    <p>It results in high species diversity but low population sizes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What example illustrates the limitations of a specialized niche?

    <p>The lion-tailed macaque's inability to thrive outside its forest environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often referred to as 'the trap of specialization'?

    <p>The difficulty of surviving outside one's narrow ecological niche.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a specialist species have a hard time when its habitat changes?

    <p>It is not competitive within other ecological niches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the stability of temperature and food supplies in the tropics affect species?

    <p>It allows species to develop very specialized adaptations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to species with narrow niches when their environments are altered?

    <p>They may face extinction due to habitat loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adaptation of warblers that helps them capture food?

    <p>Sharp beaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which warbler species primarily feeds on insects found near the top of the tree?

    <p>Cape May warbler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feeding strategy do warblers use to avoid competition?

    <p>Occupying different levels of the tree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which warbler species feeds on insects near the trunk and lower branches?

    <p>Yellow-rumped warbler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common wintering location for warblers?

    <p>Southern United States and Central/South America</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might the feeding patterns of warblers not show a completely accurate picture in a simple diagram?

    <p>The diagram may omit other organisms present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which warbler species is known to feed away from the tips in the lower half of the tree?

    <p>Bay-breasted warbler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic do all warbler species share?

    <p>Specific niches within their habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptation do some snow algae produce to survive in cold climates?

    <p>Reddish pigments that protect against UV rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of placing small radio transmitters on lemmings in Dr. Deborah Wilson's study?

    <p>To monitor their movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common myth about lemmings does Dr. Deborah Wilson's study address?

    <p>Lemmings intentionally jump off cliffs to drown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is primarily responsible for the deaths of lemmings, according to the study?

    <p>Predation by arctic foxes and ermine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Dr. Deborah Wilson's original profession before becoming an ecologist?

    <p>Computer programmer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During her studies, what did Deborah Wilson value about working in the North?

    <p>The opportunity to learn about Inuit culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ecological niche does the desert spadefoot frog occupy?

    <p>Harsh Australian desert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often do the population peaks of lemmings occur, as observed by Dr. Wilson?

    <p>Every three years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Habitat of Warblers

    • Warblers are small, active birds with sharp beaks suited for catching insects.
    • Various warbler species inhabit Alberta during the summer, migrating to southern U.S. and Central/South America for winter.

    Feeding Habits of Warblers

    • Five warbler species can co-exist in spruce trees:
      • Cape May warbler: forages at the top and tips of the tree.
      • Yellow-rumped warbler: feeds on insects near the trunk’s lower branches and on the ground.
      • Black-throated green warbler: forages near the middle of the tree.
      • Blackburnian warbler: feeds from the outer tips extending from the middle to the top.
      • Bay-breasted warbler: feeds from the lower half of the tree, avoiding the tips.
    • Each species occupies a different niche but adjusts its feeding habits to minimize competition.

    Specialization in the Tropics

    • Tropical environments feature stable temperatures and food supplies.
    • Organisms in these regions are often specialists, thriving in specific conditions but limited to narrow niches.
    • Specialization supports high biodiversity but can restrict species distribution, leading to lower population densities.

    Ecological Risks of Specialization

    • Specialized organisms are vulnerable when their habitats are altered or destroyed.
    • Example: The lion-tailed macaque, adapted to forest canopy living, suffers when forests are cut down as it lacks alternative habitats.

    Importance of Rhizobia

    • Legumes (clover, peas, beans) have symbiotic relationships with soil bacteria (rhizobia) which convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable compounds for plants.
    • Rhizobia enhance soil fertility, providing a mutually beneficial relationship for both plants and bacteria.

    Experimentation with Legumes

    • Observing clover roots for nodules can reveal the presence of rhizobia through methods such as microscopy with methylene blue stain.
    • An investigation can lead to conclusions about the nitrogen contribution of these bacteria to soil health.

    Adaptations to Extreme Environments

    • Various organisms are adapted to thrive in extreme conditions (e.g., Antarctic springtail withstands temperatures as low as -35 °C).
    • Snow algae can survive in cold climates and photosynthesize, producing pigments for protection from intense sunlight.

    Lemmings' Behavior and Ecology

    • Lemmings do not intentionally jump off cliffs; their movements can lead to accidental drownings during population peaks.
    • Lemming populations fluctuate approximately every three years, influenced both by natural predation and environmental factors.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of warblers, small birds known for their unique adaptations and vibrant lifestyles. This quiz covers various warbler species found in Alberta during the summer and their winter habitats in the southern United States and Central and South America. Test your knowledge and learn more about these incredible birds and their ecological roles.

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