Podcast
Questions and Answers
What method is used to visualize mycorrhizal fungi in roots?
What method is used to visualize mycorrhizal fungi in roots?
- Transmitting electron microscopy
- Confocal laser scanning
- Fluorescent staining (correct)
- Live cell imaging
Why do farmers alternate clover with other crops?
Why do farmers alternate clover with other crops?
- Clover promotes soil erosion
- Clover enhances soil respiration
- Clover reduces crop rotation efficiency
- Clover adds nitrogen to the soil (correct)
Which organism is adapted to extremely low temperatures?
Which organism is adapted to extremely low temperatures?
- Snow algae
- Antarctic springtail (correct)
- Mycorrhizal fungus
- Archaebacteria
What adaptation allows snow algae to survive in cold environments?
What adaptation allows snow algae to survive in cold environments?
At what temperature can archaebacteria survive?
At what temperature can archaebacteria survive?
What kind of environment can you find snow algae?
What kind of environment can you find snow algae?
How do mycorrhizal fungi affect root shape?
How do mycorrhizal fungi affect root shape?
What type of organisms are specifically adapted to extreme environments?
What type of organisms are specifically adapted to extreme environments?
What is the primary role of rhizobia in relation to clover plants?
What is the primary role of rhizobia in relation to clover plants?
Which of the following legumes is NOT mentioned in the content as having a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia?
Which of the following legumes is NOT mentioned in the content as having a symbiotic relationship with rhizobia?
What should be done to the nodules before placing them on a microscope slide?
What should be done to the nodules before placing them on a microscope slide?
What safety precaution is indicated for examining nodules?
What safety precaution is indicated for examining nodules?
Why is it essential to keep the clover roots intact when digging them up?
Why is it essential to keep the clover roots intact when digging them up?
What could be inferred if bacteria are observed from the crushed nodule during the analysis phase?
What could be inferred if bacteria are observed from the crushed nodule during the analysis phase?
Which material is used to stain the nodules for microscopic observation?
Which material is used to stain the nodules for microscopic observation?
What would be a potential consequence if legumes could not form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia?
What would be a potential consequence if legumes could not form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia?
What characterizes most organisms in the tropics?
What characterizes most organisms in the tropics?
What is a potential downside of specialization in tropic species?
What is a potential downside of specialization in tropic species?
How does specialization affect species diversity in the tropics?
How does specialization affect species diversity in the tropics?
What example illustrates the limitations of a specialized niche?
What example illustrates the limitations of a specialized niche?
What is often referred to as 'the trap of specialization'?
What is often referred to as 'the trap of specialization'?
Why might a specialist species have a hard time when its habitat changes?
Why might a specialist species have a hard time when its habitat changes?
How does the stability of temperature and food supplies in the tropics affect species?
How does the stability of temperature and food supplies in the tropics affect species?
What happens to species with narrow niches when their environments are altered?
What happens to species with narrow niches when their environments are altered?
What is the primary adaptation of warblers that helps them capture food?
What is the primary adaptation of warblers that helps them capture food?
Which warbler species primarily feeds on insects found near the top of the tree?
Which warbler species primarily feeds on insects found near the top of the tree?
What feeding strategy do warblers use to avoid competition?
What feeding strategy do warblers use to avoid competition?
Which warbler species feeds on insects near the trunk and lower branches?
Which warbler species feeds on insects near the trunk and lower branches?
What is a common wintering location for warblers?
What is a common wintering location for warblers?
Why might the feeding patterns of warblers not show a completely accurate picture in a simple diagram?
Why might the feeding patterns of warblers not show a completely accurate picture in a simple diagram?
Which warbler species is known to feed away from the tips in the lower half of the tree?
Which warbler species is known to feed away from the tips in the lower half of the tree?
What characteristic do all warbler species share?
What characteristic do all warbler species share?
What adaptation do some snow algae produce to survive in cold climates?
What adaptation do some snow algae produce to survive in cold climates?
What is the purpose of placing small radio transmitters on lemmings in Dr. Deborah Wilson's study?
What is the purpose of placing small radio transmitters on lemmings in Dr. Deborah Wilson's study?
What common myth about lemmings does Dr. Deborah Wilson's study address?
What common myth about lemmings does Dr. Deborah Wilson's study address?
What factor is primarily responsible for the deaths of lemmings, according to the study?
What factor is primarily responsible for the deaths of lemmings, according to the study?
What was Dr. Deborah Wilson's original profession before becoming an ecologist?
What was Dr. Deborah Wilson's original profession before becoming an ecologist?
During her studies, what did Deborah Wilson value about working in the North?
During her studies, what did Deborah Wilson value about working in the North?
What ecological niche does the desert spadefoot frog occupy?
What ecological niche does the desert spadefoot frog occupy?
How often do the population peaks of lemmings occur, as observed by Dr. Wilson?
How often do the population peaks of lemmings occur, as observed by Dr. Wilson?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Habitat of Warblers
- Warblers are small, active birds with sharp beaks suited for catching insects.
- Various warbler species inhabit Alberta during the summer, migrating to southern U.S. and Central/South America for winter.
Feeding Habits of Warblers
- Five warbler species can co-exist in spruce trees:
- Cape May warbler: forages at the top and tips of the tree.
- Yellow-rumped warbler: feeds on insects near the trunk’s lower branches and on the ground.
- Black-throated green warbler: forages near the middle of the tree.
- Blackburnian warbler: feeds from the outer tips extending from the middle to the top.
- Bay-breasted warbler: feeds from the lower half of the tree, avoiding the tips.
- Each species occupies a different niche but adjusts its feeding habits to minimize competition.
Specialization in the Tropics
- Tropical environments feature stable temperatures and food supplies.
- Organisms in these regions are often specialists, thriving in specific conditions but limited to narrow niches.
- Specialization supports high biodiversity but can restrict species distribution, leading to lower population densities.
Ecological Risks of Specialization
- Specialized organisms are vulnerable when their habitats are altered or destroyed.
- Example: The lion-tailed macaque, adapted to forest canopy living, suffers when forests are cut down as it lacks alternative habitats.
Importance of Rhizobia
- Legumes (clover, peas, beans) have symbiotic relationships with soil bacteria (rhizobia) which convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable compounds for plants.
- Rhizobia enhance soil fertility, providing a mutually beneficial relationship for both plants and bacteria.
Experimentation with Legumes
- Observing clover roots for nodules can reveal the presence of rhizobia through methods such as microscopy with methylene blue stain.
- An investigation can lead to conclusions about the nitrogen contribution of these bacteria to soil health.
Adaptations to Extreme Environments
- Various organisms are adapted to thrive in extreme conditions (e.g., Antarctic springtail withstands temperatures as low as -35 °C).
- Snow algae can survive in cold climates and photosynthesize, producing pigments for protection from intense sunlight.
Lemmings' Behavior and Ecology
- Lemmings do not intentionally jump off cliffs; their movements can lead to accidental drownings during population peaks.
- Lemming populations fluctuate approximately every three years, influenced both by natural predation and environmental factors.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
