Endocrine System Unit

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Which of the following are functions of the endocrine system?

Growth

Development

Adaptation

All of the above (correct)

Which of the following is a condition representing underactive thyroid?

Hypothyroidism (correct)

Hyperthyroidism

Diabetes

Osteoporosis

Which of the following does not affect the amount of hormone circulating at one time?

Presence of target cells (correct)

Rate of hormone production

Secretion from endocrine glands

Rate of blood flow

Which of the following hormones is not derived from cholesterol?

Prostaglandin Signup and view all the answers

Why do steroid hormones have a longer half-life than other hormones?

Because they are bound to carriers Signup and view all the answers

Epinephrine belongs to which group of hormone?

A tyrosine amine hormone Signup and view all the answers

Most peptide hormones are easily transported in the blood plasma because:

They are water soluble Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a large glycoprotein?

Follicle-stimulating hormone Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is involved in the positive feedback cycle of child birth?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanism of stimulating hormone release?

All of the above are mechanisms of stimulating hormone release Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones are controlled by a humoral stimuli?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the process of up-regulation?

Increase the number of surface receptors. Signup and view all the answers

Hormones must bind to receptors on target cells to affect changes. Where can these receptors be located?

Both B and C are correct Signup and view all the answers

What sequence describes how a steroid hormone impacts gene expression?

Steroid hormone crosses the plasma membrane, binds to an intracellular hormone receptor in the cytoplasm, the receptor hormone complex then binds to DNA and regulates transcription. Signup and view all the answers

How do peptide hormones affect a target cell’s transcription?

They bind to the receptor on plasma membrane and initiate a signaling pathway that regulates transcriptions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of a G-protein signalling cascade?

It allows the signal from the original signalling molecule to be amplified. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is not secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Antidiuretic hormone Signup and view all the answers

Why are many of the hormones released by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland called tropic hormones?

They are hormones that control the release of another hormone. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the anterior pituitary?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

What hormones are considered to be posterior pituitary hormones?

ADH and oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor of the thyroid hormones?

Thyroglobulin Signup and view all the answers

What inorganic molecule is required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones?

Iodine Signup and view all the answers

Calcitonin can lower blood calcium by:

inhibiting resorption by osteoclasts Signup and view all the answers

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the blood calcium concentrations by:

stimulating reabsoprtion of calcium in the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Where is the adrenal gland located in the body?

Superior to the kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of aldosterone?

Regulate the concentration of sodium ions in the urine. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a function of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

Accelerates fat storage in adipose tissues. Signup and view all the answers

Melatonin can have what effect on the body?

Encourage sleepiness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the action of insulin?

Insulin will lower blood glucose levels. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a function of estrogen?

Softens pubic symphysis to facilitate birthing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones has a tropic effect?

ACTH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not produced by the endocrine glands of the digestive tract?

Renin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a mechanism used by aldosterone to increase blood pressure?

Increases the osmotic reabsorption of water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones are called gonadotropins?

FSH and LH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not matched with its function?

Inhibin inhibits FSH release. Signup and view all the answers

A surge of which hormone stimulates ovulation?

LH Signup and view all the answers

The release of oxytocin can be stimulated by:

Suckling of an infant Signup and view all the answers

Insulin lowers the blood glucose level by:

All of the above. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is described accurately?

All of these describe Graves’ disease accurately. Signup and view all the answers