Endocrine System Unit

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are functions of the endocrine system?

  • Growth
  • Development
  • Adaptation
  • All of the above (correct)

Which of the following is a condition representing underactive thyroid?

  • Hypothyroidism (correct)
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Diabetes
  • Osteoporosis

Which of the following does not affect the amount of hormone circulating at one time?

  • Presence of target cells (correct)
  • Rate of hormone production
  • Secretion from endocrine glands
  • Rate of blood flow

Which of the following hormones is not derived from cholesterol?

<p>Prostaglandin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do steroid hormones have a longer half-life than other hormones?

<p>Because they are bound to carriers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Epinephrine belongs to which group of hormone?

<p>A tyrosine amine hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most peptide hormones are easily transported in the blood plasma because:

<p>They are water soluble (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a large glycoprotein?

<p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is involved in the positive feedback cycle of child birth?

<p>Oxytocin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a mechanism of stimulating hormone release?

<p>All of the above are mechanisms of stimulating hormone release (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones are controlled by a humoral stimuli?

<p>Insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the process of up-regulation?

<p>Increase the number of surface receptors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hormones must bind to receptors on target cells to affect changes. Where can these receptors be located?

<p>Both B and C are correct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What sequence describes how a steroid hormone impacts gene expression?

<p>Steroid hormone crosses the plasma membrane, binds to an intracellular hormone receptor in the cytoplasm, the receptor hormone complex then binds to DNA and regulates transcription. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do peptide hormones affect a target cell’s transcription?

<p>They bind to the receptor on plasma membrane and initiate a signaling pathway that regulates transcriptions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of a G-protein signalling cascade?

<p>It allows the signal from the original signalling molecule to be amplified. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is not secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are many of the hormones released by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland called tropic hormones?

<p>They are hormones that control the release of another hormone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the anterior pituitary?

<p>Oxytocin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormones are considered to be posterior pituitary hormones?

<p>ADH and oxytocin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the precursor of the thyroid hormones?

<p>Thyroglobulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What inorganic molecule is required for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones?

<p>Iodine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calcitonin can lower blood calcium by:

<p>inhibiting resorption by osteoclasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases the blood calcium concentrations by:

<p>stimulating reabsoprtion of calcium in the kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the adrenal gland located in the body?

<p>Superior to the kidney (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of aldosterone?

<p>Regulate the concentration of sodium ions in the urine. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a function of epinephrine and norepinephrine?

<p>Accelerates fat storage in adipose tissues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Melatonin can have what effect on the body?

<p>Encourage sleepiness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the action of insulin?

<p>Insulin will lower blood glucose levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a function of estrogen?

<p>Softens pubic symphysis to facilitate birthing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones has a tropic effect?

<p>ACTH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not produced by the endocrine glands of the digestive tract?

<p>Renin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a mechanism used by aldosterone to increase blood pressure?

<p>Increases the osmotic reabsorption of water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones are called gonadotropins?

<p>FSH and LH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not matched with its function?

<p>Inhibin inhibits FSH release. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A surge of which hormone stimulates ovulation?

<p>LH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The release of oxytocin can be stimulated by:

<p>Suckling of an infant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Insulin lowers the blood glucose level by:

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is described accurately?

<p>All of these describe Graves’ disease accurately. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The role of calcitonin in lowering blood calcium levels is not well understood in?

<p>Adults (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone would be involved in the fight or flight response?

<p>Epinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids can cause a condition known as:

<p>Cushing’s Disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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