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Questions and Answers

What right does a partner have regarding partnership books?

  • The right to only access the books during business hours.
  • The right to inspect and copy the books at reasonable hours. (correct)
  • The right to destroy the books if necessary.
  • The right to keep the books private from other partners.

Under what circumstance can a partner demand a formal account of partnership affairs?

  • If the partnership has been in operation for over a year.
  • If he wishes to leave the partnership.
  • If he was wrongfully excluded from partnership business. (correct)
  • If he agrees with all decisions made by his co-partners.

What must capitalist partners do if they engage in similar business operations without stipulation?

  • Keep all profits for themselves.
  • Bring any profits to the common funds and bear all losses. (correct)
  • Share any profits made with non-capitalist partners only.
  • Obtain consent from all partners before engaging in such operations.

Which of the following is NOT included in the property rights of a partner?

<p>Right to participate in external business ventures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What obligation does a partner have regarding profits derived without consent from partnership transactions?

<p>To account for those profits to the partnership. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of partnership is created when no specific nature is defined in the contract?

<p>A universal partnership of profits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which partners are prohibited from forming a universal partnership?

<p>Partners who have familial ties and exchange gifts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does a partnership officially begin according to the obligations stated?

<p>Upon the execution of the partnership contract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a fixed term partnership continues after its term without an express agreement?

<p>The rights and duties remain the same as at termination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What responsibilities does a partner have concerning contributions to the partnership?

<p>Partners are debtors for any promises related to contributions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should goods contributed by a partner be appraised?

<p>By experts chosen by the partners or the contract terms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of partnership is primarily focused on specific things or undertakings?

<p>Particular partnership (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What obligation does a partner have regarding fruits from contributed goods?

<p>Partners are liable for fruits from the time delivery should have been made (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a partnership to exist based on the provisions provided?

<p>The intention to divide profits among partners. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the nature of a partnership?

<p>A partnership has a juridical personality distinct from that of each partner. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Co-ownership or co-possession of property automatically establishes what according to the provisions?

<p>No partnership, unless profits are explicitly shared. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must a partnership have to be considered lawful?

<p>A clearly defined object or purpose that benefits the partners. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a condition under which the receipt of profit by an individual indicates partnership?

<p>The profit is shared from a co-owned property. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can a partnership be legally established without a public instrument?

<p>When no immovable property is contributed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a partnership is found to be unlawful and dissolved judicially, what happens to the profits?

<p>The profits are confiscated in favor of the State. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does prima facie evidence of profit sharing infer about a person's status in a business?

<p>The individual is likely to be a partner in the business. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Partner's Access to Partnership Books

Partners have the right to inspect and copy partnership books at the partnership's principal place of business, at any reasonable hour.

Partner Information Disclosure

Partners must provide full information about partnership matters upon request from other partners or their representatives.

Partner's Self-Dealing

A partner cannot profit from transactions connected with the partnership without other partners' approval, and any such profits belong to the partnership.

Capitalist Partner Restrictions

Capitalist partners cannot engage in business operations identical to the partnership's without prior agreement, any profits from such actions are returned to the partnership.

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Partner's Right to Account

A partner can request a detailed account of partnership affairs if wrongfully excluded, by agreement, by law, or for other suitable reasons.

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Partnership

A contract where two or more people agree to contribute money, property, or effort to a common fund, intending to divide profits.

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Juridical Personality

A partnership has its own separate identity apart from its owners.

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Partnership Existence

Rules to determine if a partnership exists. Sharing profits isn't enough on its own.

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Profit-Sharing Inference

Receiving a share of profits can suggest a partnership, but only if not considered payment for something else.

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Lawful Partnership

A partnership must have a legal purpose and benefit the partners.

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Partnership Form

Partnerships can be formed informally, except when involving real estate, which requires a formal legal document.

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Unlawful Partnership Dissolution

If a partnership is declared illegal, profits are seized by the state, following legal procedures.

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Partnership Object

A partnership needs a legally acceptable purpose and must benefit the involved parties.

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What type of partnership is formed when there's no specific agreement on its nature?

A universal partnership of profits is formed by default. This means partners share all profits, but not necessarily losses or all assets.

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What can't partners prohibited from giving gifts share?

Partners who are legally barred from gifting each other can't form a universal partnership. This restriction prevents them from gaining an unfair advantage.

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What's the focus of a particular partnership?

A particular partnership centers on specific things, their use, specific projects, or certain professions. It's a targeted agreement unlike a broad universal partnership.

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When does a partnership begin?

A partnership kicks off from the moment the contract is signed, unless the partners agree on a different start date.

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What happens to a partnership after its term ends without a new agreement?

The partnership continues as a partnership at will, with the same rights and duties as before. This means partners can leave whenever they want.

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What does a partner owe the partnership?

Each partner is responsible for their promised contributions and any warranty obligations for specific things they contribute.

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How are goods contributed to a partnership valued?

The contract decides the valuation method. If not specified, experts using current prices determine the value. This is important for initial contributions.

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What happens if a partnership continues without settling the affairs?

This is strong evidence that the partnership is continuing. It suggests partners are acting as if the partnership is still active.

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Study Notes

Title IX: Partnership - Chapter 1

  • Partnership Contract: Two or more persons agree to contribute money, property, or industry to a common fund, intending to divide profits. A profession can also be a partnership.
  • Juridical Personality: Partnerships have their own legal identity separate from its members, even if formal requirements aren't met.
  • Partnership Existence Determination:
    • People not partners to each other aren't partners to third parties unless stated otherwise.
    • Co-ownership doesn't automatically create a partnership, even if profits are shared.
    • Sharing gross returns doesn't establish a partnership, unless there's joint/common property interest.
    • Receiving a share of business profits is evidence of partnership, but not definitive if payments are:
      • Debt installments
      • Employee wages
      • Rent to landlord
      • Annuity to deceased partner's representative
      • Interest on a loan (payment varies with profits)
      • Goodwill sale consideration (installments or otherwise)

Title IX: Partnership - Chapter 1 (Cont.)

  • Partnership Lawful Object/Purpose: Partnerships must have a legal objective and benefit all partners.
  • Unlawful Partnership Dissolution: If an unlawful partnership dissolves, the confiscated profits belong to the state.
  • Partnership Property Contributions: Immovable property contributions require a public instrument with the inventory signed by the parties.
  • Partnership with No Juridical Personality: Associations with secret member agreements and members who deal individually with third parties retain no legal personality, governed by co-ownership laws
  • Partnership types: Universal vs. particular; general vs. limited

Title IX: Partnership - Chapter 2

  • Partnership Commencement: Partnership begins at contract execution, unless otherwise agreed. After termination of specific term partnerships that continue automatically assume same obligations.
  • Partner Debtor Liability: Partners are responsible for promised contributions and guarantee warranty for contributed property.
  • Liability for Partnership Business Actions: All partners are responsible for business debts arising during regular operations

Title IX: Partnership - Chapter 3

  • Partnership Dissolution: Dissolution is a change in relationship between partners that is not necessarily the termination, until the winding up of affairs is complete
  • Dissolution Causes:
    • Agreement termination
    • Express will of a partner (good faith)
    • Express will of all partners
    • Partner expulsion, in accordance with agreement
    • Agreement violation (allowing dissolving circumstances)
    • Business illegality
    • Specific property loss
    • Partner death/insolvency/civil interdiction
    • Decree of court for partner's insanity/incapability/harmful conduct
  • Termination of Partnership Authority: Dissolution ends partnership authority to act for the business (except on finalization/settlement)

Title IX: Partnership - Chapter x (cont)

  • Liability of Partner After Dissolution: Partners remain liable for existing debts even after dissolution, unless otherwise agreed by parties (and/or a court)
  • Partnership winding up: Partnership rights and responsibilities relating to management and property liquidation after dissolution
  • Order of Payment: Partnership liabilities are prioritized when assets are distributed after liquidation
  • Creditors of the partnership vs partner: creditors have priority on partnership property
  • Continuing business after dissolution: Specific circumstances can preserve the business operations without liquidation

Title IX: Partnership - Chapter 4

  • Limited Partnership Formation: Two or more persons form a limited partnership with general partners and limited partners. The limited partners are not responsible for partnership liabilities
  • Certificate of Limited Partnership: Rules to be included in the certificate of formation (names, location, purpose, contributions, etc.)
  • Limited Partner Liability Limitations: Limited partners aren't responsible for partnership debts above their contributions (unless they participate in management)
  • Limited Partner Rights and Duties: Limited partners can't participate in business management. If they do, they accept general partner liabilities.
  • Dissolution of Limited Partnerships: dissolution of a limited partnership occurs on various events and conditions

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