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Study Notes

Constitutional Law I - Test 3 Study Guide

Key Concepts: Dual Federalism, Commerce Clause, Supremacy Clause, Tenth Amendment, Interstate Commerce Act, Cooperative Federalism, Necessary and Proper Clause, Police Power, Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Case Significance (Examples):
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): Defined the scope of the Commerce Clause, establishing federal power over interstate commerce.
A.L.A. Schechter Poultry v. U.S. (1935): Limited federal power over intrastate commerce.
Printz v. U.S. (1997): Restricted federal government's ability to compel state action.
N.L.R.B. v. Jones & Laughlin Steel (1937): Expanded federal power over commerce, affecting labor relations.
Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918): Limited federal power over child labor.
Gonzales v. Raich (2005): Expanded federal power over commerce to include regulating activities that impact interstate commerce.
Carter v. Carter Coal (1936): Restricted federal power over the coal industry.
Pollack v. Farmers Loan & Trust (1895): Limited federal income tax power.
Bailey v. Drexel Furniture (1922): Restricted federal power over child labor.
Swift & Co. v. U.S. (1905): Established the "stream of commerce" concept, allowing the federal government to regulate activities that impacted interstate commerce
Taxation:
Constitutional Power: The Constitution outlines the power to tax.
Restrictions: Taxes are generally not permitted on exports or imports.
Sixteenth Amendment: Established the federal income tax.
Government Revenue: Various ways governmental units raise revenue.
Dual vs. Cooperative Federalism: Understanding how interpretations of federalism have shifted over time, including changes in the interpretation of the Commerce Clause.
Commerce Clause Interpretation: Modern status of interpretation, and how it's affected.
Supreme Court Cases: (Refer to relevant study guide for detailed case information.)
Champion v. Ames (1903): Involved regulation of lottery tickets.
Wickard v. Filburn (1942): Expanded the scope of the Commerce Clause.
U.S. v. Darby (1941): Affirmed federal power to regulate commerce.
Scott v. Sanford (1857): Ruled on slavery and citizenship rights. (Note: Not a commerce case, but relevant to the study guide context).
N.F.I.B v. Sebelius (2012): Re-examined taxing and spending powers.
U.S. v. E.C. Knight Co. (1895): Limited federal power to regulate manufacturing.
Hylton v. U.S. (1881): Focused on taxation of carriages and carriages.
South Dakota v. Dole (1987): Concerned with conditional federal funding.
Economic vs. Non-Economic Activities: Understanding how the Court distinguishes these types of activities regarding the Commerce Clause.
Commerce Clause Power: Considering cases where the commerce power is most expansive, both economically and non-economically.
Federalism, Supreme Court Decisions: Investigating factors influencing the Supreme Court's rulings on commerce and federalism.
Interstate vs. Intrastate Commerce: Understanding the difference.
Understanding the Court's Changing Interpretations:
Examining shifts in the Court's views on commerce and federalism.
Analyzing cases where the Court broadened or narrowed the scope of the Commerce Clause.
Significance of 1960s Court decisions on commerce clause interpretations.