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Questions and Answers

Which aircraft has the lowest fuel consumption?

A320

A321

A319 (correct)

A318

What material is the Radome made of?

Polycarbonate

Quartz Fiber Reinforced Plastic (QFRP) (correct)

Aluminum

Carbon Fiber

Which panel contains the master warning and master caution lights?

Main Instrument Panel

Center Pedestal

Overhead Panel (correct)

Cockpit Light Philosophy

What happens when the cockpit light is pressed in and a fault light is on?

Fault light on / System Active / Faulty condition Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a red light in the cockpit?

Warning - To avoid injury or death Signup and view all the answers

How many frames are added to an A320 to create an A321?

13 frames Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Multi-Purpose Control Display Unit (MCDU)?

Troubleshooting Signup and view all the answers

What does an amber light indicate in the cockpit?

Needing awareness but no immediate action Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Flight Augmentation System?

Rudder trim and yaw dampening Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the system is responsible for detecting faults within the aircraft's systems?

Fault Isolation and Detection System Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Engine Interface Unit serve?

Regulates fuel and oil supply Signup and view all the answers

Which technology prevents excessive maneuvering during flight?

Electrical Flight Control System Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems is controlled by the Flight Attendant Panel?

Cabin Intercommunication Data System Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System?

To measure the aircraft's altitude precisely Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Full Authority Digital Engine Control' refer to in aircraft systems?

A system that allows full digital control of engine parameters Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the Future Air Navigation System (FANS)?

Pre-FANS does not support ATC functions Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for detecting and extinguishing fires in the APU?

APU Fire Detection Unit Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the center tank in the fuel system for the A318/319/320 models?

It supplies fuel first before the wing tanks. Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes the A321 fuel system from the A318/319/320 systems?

It has one additional booster pump. Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum voltage required by the Critical Design Configuration Control Limitations (CDCCL) for the fuel pump?

155V AC Signup and view all the answers

How many HP compressors are present in the High Pressure (HP) rotor system?

9 HP compressors Signup and view all the answers

What type of bearings are used to cool and lubricate the low-pressure turbine?

Ball and roller bearings Signup and view all the answers

Which system provides electrical power for the aircraft’s A/C system?

APU Power Supply Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Primary airflow in the bypass air system?

It assists in combustion processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Flight Data Interface Unit (FDIU)?

Transmits flight data to SSFOR Signup and view all the answers

Which clock feature tracks elapsed time during a flight?

Chronometer (CHR) Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Battery Charge Limiter (BCL) play in the aircraft's electrical system?

Prevents overcharging of batteries Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for monitoring engine performance and conditions?

Data Management Unit (DMU) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Integrated Standby Instrument System (IS15) combine?

Multiple standby instruments Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum number of operative transponders required for the Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS)?

At least one (1) Signup and view all the answers

Which system uses the Engine to transform AC to DC?

Transformer Rectifier Signup and view all the answers

What does the Air Data / Inertial Reference System (ADIRS) provide regarding flight conditions?

Mach number and altitude Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that a passenger door is armed?

Steady white light Signup and view all the answers

What is the opening sequence for the passenger doors?

Upward, outward, then forward Signup and view all the answers

How many emergency exit doors does the A321 have?

4 Signup and view all the answers

Which system operates the cargo doors?

Hydraulic system Signup and view all the answers

What type of oxygen system is used for the cockpit crew?

Normal and 100% pure oxygen system Signup and view all the answers

What does the Cockpit Door Lock System (CDLS) include?

3 electrical latches Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity of the Cabin Oxygen System's chemical O₂ generator above 14,000 feet?

12-15 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What type of lighting indicates residual pressure in an emergency exit door?

Steady red light Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Airbus A320 Family

The A320 family includes the A318, A319, A320, and A321.
The A321 is a stretched version of the A320, with 13 frames added.
The A319 is a shortened version of the A320, with 7 frames removed.
The A318 is a further shortened version of the A320, with 4.5 frames removed.

Airbus A320 Family - Weight and Dimensions

The A318 has a maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of 166 tons (195,000 lbs).
The A319 has an MTOW of 148 tons (150,000 lbs).
The A320 has an MTOW of 77 tons (170,000 lbs).
The A321 has an MTOW of 83 tons (183,000 lbs).
The aircraft utilizes a Quartz Fiber Reinforced Plastic (QFRP) radom.

Airbus A320 Family - Cockpit

The cockpit seats are not interchangeable and utilize 5-point seat belts.
Cockpit layout includes:
- Overhead Panel: This houses the systems and circuit breaker panels, as well as master warning and master caution indicators.
- Main Instrument Panel: It includes electronic flight instrument systems for the captain and first officer, Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring (ECAM) with engine and system displays.
- Center Pedestal: This area includes the multi-purpose control display unit (MCDU) for troubleshooting, the radio management panel (RMP) for radio and onboard communications, the audio control panel (ACP), and the thrust lever.
- Integrated Standby Instrument System (IS15): This provides stand-by airspeed, altimeter, and horizon indicators.

Airbus A320 Family - Cockpit Light Philosophy

Pressed light in, no light on: System is active and operating normally.
Pressed light in, fault light on: System is active but has a fault condition.
Released light out, Fault light on: System is deactivated.

Airbus A320 Family - Warning and Caution System

Red lights indicate failures requiring immediate action.
Amber lights indicate a need for awareness but no immediate action.
White lights indicate an abnormal position or maintenance operation.
Green lights indicate normal operation of a backup system.
Blue lights indicate normal operation of a temporarily used system.
Warnings avoid injury or death to persons.
Cautions avoid damage to equipment.
Notes facilitate the job.

Airbus A320 Family - ECAM System

The ECAM (Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring) system is the primary source of fault information for the crew.
It comprises:
- The Captain's Primary Flight Display (PFD) and Navigation Display (ND).
- The First Officer's Navigation Display (ND) and PFD.
- The ECAM system displays critical engine and system faults.

Airbus A320 Family - Clocks

Two clocks are provided:
- The electrical clock (chronometer) displays Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and elapsed time.
- The system display (SD) also shows the time.

Airbus A320 Family - Maintenance and Inspections

The aircraft utilizes a Maintenance Monitoring Electronic Logbook (MMEL) and a Minimum Equipment List (MEL).
The MMEL and MEL provide guidance for operating with detected faults, with different timeframes for repair depending on the fault category:
- Category A: Fault must be repaired within 1 day
- Category B: Fault must be repaired within 3 days.
- Category C: Fault must be repaired within 10 days.
- Category D: Fault must be repaired within 20 days.

Airbus A320 Family - Centralized Fault Display Unit (CFDU)

The Centralized Fault Display Unit (CFDU) is the hardware component of the CFDIS, responsible for displaying fault information.
The CFDIS (Centralized Fault Display System) is the software component that manages the display of fault information.

Airbus A320 Family - Built in Test Equipment (BITE)

BITE provides self-diagnostics and fault reporting for aircraft systems.
BITE information is accessible through the MCDU in-flight and on-ground.
A post-flight report is generated and printed after each flight to provide a detailed record of any detected faults.

Airbus A320 Family - Flight Data Recording

The aircraft includes a solid-state Flight Data Recorder (FDR) that records flight parameters.
The FDR begins recording five minutes after the first engine start.
The Flight Data Interface and Management Unit (FDIMU) manages the collection and transmission of flight data.
This includes the Data Management Unit (DMU), which collects flight data, and the Flight Data Interface Unit (FDIU), which sends this data to the solid-state Flight Data Recorder.

Airbus A320 Family - Aircraft Integrated Data System (AIDS)

The DMU is the heart of the Aircraft Integrated Data System (AIDS).
AIDS is used to monitor engine performance, overall aircraft performance, and critical flight parameters.

Airbus A320 Family - Electrical System (ATA 24)

The aircraft uses a 115V AC system for generators.
Transformer rectifiers convert AC to DC.
The Electrical system outputs 28V DC power for the aircraft.
Battery charge limiters (BCL) prevent overcharging of the batteries.
The Ram Air Turbine (RAT) deploys automatically at 7100 knots, providing emergency hydraulic power.
The batteries transfer energy to the essential bus systems through static inverters.
The blue hydraulic system is used by the RAT.

Airbus A320 Family - Air Data and Inertial Reference System (ADIRS) (ATA 34)

The ADIRS provides critical data to the flight management system.
Components include:
- The Air Data Inertial Reference Unit (ADIRU) - It houses the total air temperature sensor (PAT), air data reference (ADK), inertial reference (IR), and angle of attack (AOA).
- The Pitot probes provide airspeed and Mach number information.
- The static ports provide barometric altitude, static air temperature, and over speed warnings.
- The inertial reference system provides attitude, vertical speed, flight path vector, heading, ground speed, and aircraft position.

Airbus A320 Family - Landing Aids

The Airbus A320 is equipped with a variety of landing aids:
- Instrument Landing System (ILS): For precise approach guidance.
- Marker Beacons: Provide radio signals for altitude information.
- Head-Up Display (HUD): A display that projects flight information to the cockpit windscreen. (Optional).

The A320 utilizes a variety of radio systems:
- VHF Transceivers: Used for voice communications with ground stations.
- VOR: Used for navigation.
- GPS: Provides satellite-based navigation.
- ATC Transponder: Sends altitude reports to air traffic control.
- ACARS (Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System): Used for data communications between aircraft and ground stations.
- Satellite Communication (SATCOM): (Optional)

Airbus A320 Family - Collision Avoidance Systems

The A320 features:
- Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS): Monitors the airspace and provides alerts to the pilot about potential collisions with other aircraft.
- Terrain and Traffic Collision Avoidance System (T2CAS): Provides ground proximity and traffic collision warnings.
- Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS): Alerts the crew of potential ground collisions with the aid of the radio altimeter, providing a precise measurement of the aircraft's height above the ground.
- The radio altimeter is located in the aft cargo.

Airbus A320 Family - Autoflight System (AFS) (ATA 22)

Autoflight system enables automated control for aircraft operation:
- Flight Management and Guidance Computer (FMGC): Controls the autoflight system, managing the autopilot, flight director, auto-thrust, navigation, and flight path planning.
- Flight Augmentation Computer (FAC): Provides additional flight augmentation features such as rudder trim, yaw damper, speed protection, and wind shear protection.
- Fault Isolation and Detection System (FIDS): This system is only available in the FAC and collects flight system fault information.
- Electrical Flight Control System (EFCS): This system provides stability and control for the aircraft and prevents excessive maneuvering.
- Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC): This system controls the engines, optimizing thrust and fuel efficiency.
- The Engine Interface Unit (EIU) provides the interface with the autopilot, flight director, and hydraulics, allowing for efficient management of engine and aircraft systems.

Airbus A320 Family - FMGC Functions

The FMGC manages the following functions:
- Autopilot: Automatically controlling the aircraft's attitude.
- Flight director: Providing flight path guidance.
- Autothrust: Automatically managing thrust for different flight phases.
- Lateral: Controlling the aircraft's horizontal flight path.
- Vertical: Controlling the aircraft's vertical flight path.

Airbus A320 Family - Autopilot/Flight Director

The autopilot/flight director provides:
Aircraft stabilization,
Flight path holding,
Guidance after takeoff,
And integrates with autothrust and FADEC systems.

Airbus A320 Family - Flight Augmentation

The flight augmentation system provides:
Rudder trim,
Yaw damper,
Rudder and aileron limitations,
Flight Envelope Protection,
Speed computations,
Alpha floor and wind shear protection,
Low energy awareness.

Airbus A320 Family - Air Traffic Information Management System (ATIMS) (ATA 44)

The ATIMS facilitates air traffic communications and data management.
SATCOM (Satellite Communications) is an optional feature of ATIMS.
The system has different versions:
- Pre-FANS: includes Air to Ground communications (AUC).
- FANS A: Includes Pre-FANS functions and ATC functions.
- FANS B: Includes FANS A functions and enhancements to the communication network.
- Pre-FANS does not have ATC functions.
- The ATSU (Air Traffic Service Unit) is the heart of the ATIMS system.
- The ATIMS system connects the aircraft to ATC (Air Traffic Control) systems.

Airbus A320 Family - Communications (ATA 23)

The A320 communication systems include:
- VHF Transceivers: Identical and interchangeable for voice communications.
- VOR: An navigation system to determine the position of a aircraft using ground-based radio beacons.
- VDRI (Voice Data Recorder and Interface): Records both voice and data transmissions.
- Onboard communications: Interconnecting components within the aircraft.
- Cabin Intercommunication Data System (CIDS): Allows the crew to communicate with passengers and control cabin functions.
- The Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) continuously recordings the last 2 hours of flight, including both ground and flight phases.
- The CVR begins automatically recording when at least one engine is running and continues for 5 minutes after the last engine is shut down and also 5 minutes after aircraft energization.

Airbus A320 Family - CIDS System

The CIDS system uses software (Director Land 2) and hardware (Flight Attendant Panel (FAP) to control cabin functions.
The Audio Management Unit (AMU) is the center of the audio communication system.
The CIDS uses decoder/encoder units (DEU A and DEU B) to translate information for the crew.

Airbus A320 Family - Doors (ATA 52)

The aircraft features:
- 4 passenger doors that operate manually, opening upwards, outwards, and then forward parallel to the fuselage.
- Two optional off-wing emergency exit doors on the A318, A319, and A320.
- Four off-wing emergency exit doors on the A321.
- Forward and aft cargo doors for the bulk cargo compartment (optional).
- The forward and aft cargo doors open outwards and upwards.
- Bulk cargo doors open outwards.
- Four avionics compartment doors are located in the fuselage. They are manually operated and open inwards.
- An armored and bullet-proof cockpit door.
- The Cockpit Door Lock System (CDLS) has two operating modes: Normal routine access mode and Emergency access mode.

Airbus A320 Family - Equipment and Furnishing (ATA 25)

The A320 features:
- Cockpit seats.
- Passenger seats.
- Galleys: Dry for storage, wet for storage and food preparation.
- Lavatories.
- Curtains and partitions.
- Cabin panel layout: Lower side wall panels for rapid decompression, upper side wall panels with windows.
- Overhead storage compartments.
- Passenger service units (PSUs).
- Emergency equipment, including:
  - Cockpit Emergency Equipment list.
  - Cabin Emergency Equipment list.
  - Manual Release Tool (MRT), located in the purser station.

Airbus A320 Family - Oxygen System (ATA 35)

The A320 features a dual-mode oxygen system:
- Cockpit crew oxygen system:
  - Normal Mode: Uses a mixture of pure oxygen and cabin air to prevent oxygen deprivation.
  - 100% Mode: Provides pure oxygen.
- Cabin oxygen system:
  - Chemical oxygen generators: Supply oxygen in the event of cabin decompression.
  - Manual Release Tool (MRT) can be used to manually activate the oxygen masks in an emergency.
- Portable oxygen systems are available for medical emergencies.

Airbus A320 Family - Water and Waste System (ATA 38)

The A320 features a water and waste system:
- Potable water system:
  - A320: 1 water servicing panel and 2 drain servicing panels.
  - A318/319/321: 1 water servicing panel and 1 drain servicing panel.
  - The water tank location varies:
    - A320: Forward fuselage.
    - A318/319/321: Aft fuselage.
- Waste water system:
  - The drain mast is electrically heated.
- Vacuum toilet system:
  - LIDS (Lavatory Indicating and Display System) is used to control and monitor the toilet systems.

Airbus A320 Family - Fuel System (ATA 28)

The A320 family has different fuel tank configurations:
- A318/319/320:
  - 4 integral fuel tanks, each with 2 booster pumps.
  - Fuel is supplied first from the center tank. Then, inter-tank valves open when the left and right wing tanks reach low levels.
  - The fuel transfer sequence is: center tank > outer cell > inner cell (fuel consumption).
  - The refueling sequence is: outer cell > inner cell > center tank.
- A321:
  - 3 fuel tanks.
  - 4 booster pumps.
Critical Design Configuration Control Limitations (CDCCL):
- The fuel pump requires a minimum of 155V AC to operate.

Airbus A320 Family - Fire Protection (ATA 24)

The A320 family has comprehensive fire protection systems:
- Engine and APU fire detection and extinguishing systems.
- Lavatory and cargo smoke detection and extinguishing systems.
- Avionics smoke detection.
Engine fire protection system:
- Fire Detection Unit (FDU): Provides control and monitoring.
- Two fire extinguishing bottles are located at the pylons.
APU fire protection system:
- APU Fire Detection Unit (PDU): Controls fire detection and extinguishing.
- The fire extinguishing bottle is located behind the firewall.
- Automatic fire extinguishing is initiated on the ground when the APU is shut down.
Avionics smoke detection system:
- Avionics Equipment Ventilation Controller (AEVC) detects smoke in the avionics compartment.
Cargo smoke detection and extinguishing system:
- CIDS-SDF (Cabin Intercommunication Data System - Smoke Detection Function) detects smoke in the cargo compartment.
Lavatory smoke detection and extinguishing system:
CIDS-SDF detects smoke in the lavatory.
Automatic fire extinguishing is activated if the temperature reaches 77°C.

Airbus A320 Family - Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) (ATA 49)

The APU provides:
- Electrical power for the aircraft systems.
- Air conditioning.
It is manufactured by Honeywell or APIC (AlliedSignal Plessey International Corporation).
The Electronic Control Unit (ECU) is located in the aft cargo.
It is a turbo shaft engine.

Airbus A320 Family - Power Plant (CFM56-5B) (ATA 70-80)

The CFM56-5B is a dual-rotor, variable stator, high bypass ratio turbofan engine.
It uses a programming plug on the ECU to adjust thrust settings.
Low pressure (LP) rotor:
- 5 LP compressor stages.
- Cooled and lubricated ball & roller bearings.
- LP shaft.
- 4 LP turbine stages.
- LP turbine powers the LP compressor.
Bypass air is used to increase efficiency:
- Primary airflow is used for combustion, primarily the bypass air.
- Secondary airflow gives the highest power.
- The bypass ratio is 5:1 (5 secondary air: 1 primary air).
High pressure (HP) rotor:
- 9 HP compressor stages.
- Ball/Roller bearings.
- HP shaft.
- 1 HP turbine stage.
- The HP turbine provides power for the HP compressor.
The annular combustion chamber is powered by the exciter bleed.

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