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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cornea in the eye?
What is the primary function of the cornea in the eye?
Which feature distinguishes the vascular layer of the eye from the other layers?
Which feature distinguishes the vascular layer of the eye from the other layers?
What condition is described as the absence of the lens in the eye?
What condition is described as the absence of the lens in the eye?
Which parts of the iris control the size of the pupil?
Which parts of the iris control the size of the pupil?
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Which structure is responsible for secreting aqueous humor in the eye?
Which structure is responsible for secreting aqueous humor in the eye?
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Where in the eye are rods predominantly found?
Where in the eye are rods predominantly found?
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What occurs during miosis in the pupil?
What occurs during miosis in the pupil?
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Which layer of the eyeball is responsible for the attachment of extra-ocular muscles?
Which layer of the eyeball is responsible for the attachment of extra-ocular muscles?
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Study Notes
Anatomy of the Eye
- Eyeball Layers: Fibrous (sclera and cornea), Vascular (uvea - iris, pupil, ciliary body, choroid), Neural (retina)
- Conjunctiva: Divided into bulbar (covering eye) and palpebral (covering inner eyelids). Composed of epithelium and lamina propria. Protects sclera, cornea, and extra-ocular muscles; supplies blood to cornea.
- Sclera: The white part of the eye, composed of episclera, stroma, and lamina fusca. Attaches extra-ocular muscles. Near the iris, becomes the cornea.
- Cornea: Transparent; consists of epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane, and endothelium. Its epithelium is stratified squamous for regeneration/healing. Avascular. Refracts light.
- Iris: The colored part. Contains sphincter and dilator pupillae muscles controlling pupil size. Located between the iris and cornea (angle of the eye)
- Pupil: The opening in the iris; controls the amount of light entering the eye (miosis- constricted, mydriasis- dilated).
- Lens: Avascular. Accommodation (ability to change shape to focus objects near and far) is possible with the ciliary body. Absent is called aphakia; artificial is pseudophakia.
- Choroid: Richly vascular layer; supplies blood to the retina and absorbs light.
- Retina: Composed of 10 layers; photoreceptors (rods and cones). Rods: numerous, black/white vision (night). Cones: fewer, color vision (day). Macula and fovea have high cone density. Optic disc: no rods/cones (blind spot).
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