Gynecology Contraception Quiz

Study Notes

Hormonal Contraception: Includes Combined Hormonal methods (pills, patch, ring) and Progestogen-only options (pills, implants, injectables, IUDs).
Copper IUD: Non-hormonal device effective for several years.
Barrier Methods: Include male and female condoms, diaphragm, and cap.
Sterilization Methods: Female (laparoscopy or hysteroscopy) and male (vasectomy) options available for permanent contraception.
Natural Methods: Fertility awareness and lactational amenorrhea can be utilized for family planning.

Effective use of contraception prevents most unintended pregnancies, though no method is 100% effective.
Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) like Cu-IUD and LNG-IUS are among the most effective options.
Improper use, such as missed pills or low-effective methods, often leads to unintended pregnancies.

Preventing Ovulation: Combined hormonal methods, progestogen-only injectables, and emergency contraception work by inhibiting ovulation.
Sperm Blockage: Female and male sterilization methods prevent sperm from reaching the egg.
Inhibition of Implantation: Cu-IUD and LNG-IUS prevent embryo implantation through hormonal effects and physical barriers.

Must be taken continuously, with medium-dose pills inhibiting ovulation 99% of the time.
Side effects may include irregular bleeding, simple cysts, and acne.

Nexplanon® (progestogen implant) provides contraception for up to three years.
Requires proper insertion technique; visualized by X-ray or ultrasound for removal.

Effective for 5 years (up to menopause for women over 45).
Provides benefits beyond contraception, such as reducing heavy menstrual bleeding and treating endometriosis.

Include Cu-IUD and LNG-IUS, typically effective for 3-10 years.
Inserted under specific conditions to minimize risks such as perforation and infection.

Male condoms offer STI protection and have higher failure rates due to user error.
Female condom is an alternative also providing STI protection.
Diaphragms and caps are used with spermicides but require user training for success.

Low effectiveness when used alone; frequent use of Nonoxynol-9 may increase HIV transmission risk.

Female Sterilization: Permanent option involving laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, or laparotomy.
Vasectomy: Involves interruption of the vas deferens with a low failure rate (1 in 2,000); requires semen analysis for confirmation of effectiveness.

IUD insertion can be done anytime except during active pregnancy to avoid complications.
The risk of ectopic pregnancies is increased if conception occurs with an IUD in place.