Untitled Quiz

Electricity in Cosmetology

• Electricity: Movement of particles around an atom creates pure energy.
• Electric Current: Flow of electricity along a conductor.
• Conductor: Material that easily transmits electricity, with metals like copper being prime examples.
• Nonconductor (Insulator): Material that does not allow electricity to flow through it.

Electric Circuits and Lightning

• Complete Electric Circuit: The path of electric currents moving from a source, through conductors, and back.
• Lightning Speed: Can travel up to 60,000 miles per hour in air.

Types of Electric Currents

• Direct Current (DC): Constant current flowing in one direction, produced by chemical means (e.g., flashlights, cell phones).
• Alternating Current (AC): Rapid current flowing in alternating directions, produced by mechanical means (e.g., hair dryers, curling irons).

Electric Current Conversion

• Converter: Changes direct current to alternating current.
• Rectifier: Changes alternating current to direct current.

Speed and Measurement of Electricity

• Electricity's Speed: Travels at 186,000 miles per second; can circle the Earth eight times in the time it takes to switch on a light.
• Volt: Measures force pushing electric current through a conductor (also known as voltage).
• Ampere (Amp): Measures the strength of electric current.
• Milliampere (mA): 1/1,000 of an ampere, commonly used in treatments for safety.
• Ohm: Measures the resistance of an electric current.
• Watt: Indicates how much electricity is consumed at a moment.
• Kilowatt: Equals 1,000 watts, measured in kilowatts per hour (kWh).

Safety Devices

• Fuse: Prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.
• Circuit Breaker: Automatically interrupts electrical current during an overload.
• Grounding: Completes a circuit and safely carries current away.

Safety Standards

• Underwriters Laboratories (UL): Certifies electrical appliances for safety when used correctly.

Electrotherapy and Modalities

• Electrotherapy: Use of electric currents for skin treatments.
• Modalities: Different currents in facials and scalp treatments; include galvanic current, microcurrent, and Tesla high-frequency current.

Electrodes and Polarity

• Electrode: Applicator for directing electric current from a device to the skin, also called a probe.
• Polarity: Refers to the positive (Anode, marked P or +) and negative (Cathode, marked N or -) poles of an electric current.

Galvanic Current

• Galvanic Current: Direct current producing chemical changes in tissues; named after Luigi Galvani.
• Positive Pole (Cataphoresis): Produces acidic reactions, closes pores, and firms tissue.
• Negative Pole (Anaphoresis): Produces alkaline reactions, opens pores, and softens tissues.

Other Treatment Techniques

• Iontophoresis: Infusing products into the skin using electric currents.
• Cataphoresis: Infusion of acidic products deep into tissues via galvanic current.
• Anaphoresis: Infusion of alkaline products using the opposite pole of galvanic current.
• Deincrustation: A form of anaphoresis that softens skin and emulsifies oils and blackheads.

Microcurrent and High-Frequency

• Microcurrent: Low-level electricity that mimics the body's natural impulses.
• Tesla High-Frequency Current: Thermal current used for scalp and facial treatments; stimulates circulation and improves skin metabolism.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

• Electromagnetic Spectrum: All forms of energy that exist, including radio waves, microwaves, light waves, and x-rays.
• Wavelength: Distance between peaks of electromagnetic waves; long wavelengths have low frequency, short wavelengths have high frequency.
• Visible Spectrum of Light: 35% of natural sunlight visible to the eye, with violet having the shortest and red the longest wavelength.

Light and Laser Therapy

• Invisible Light: Light outside the visible spectrum, not visible to the naked eye.
• Ultraviolet Light: Short wavelength, less penetrating; divides into UVA, UVB (burning rays), and UVC (blocked by ozone layer).
• Catalyst: Substances speeding up chemical reactions, often using heat or light.
• Light Therapy (Phototherapy): Application of light rays for skin treatment.
• Laser: Stands for Light Amplification Stimulation Emission of Radiation; works by photothermolysis, turning laser light into heat.
• Light-Emitting Diode (LED): Medical device that reduces acne and improves skin circulation.
• Intense Pulse Light (IPL): Device using a broad spectrum of light to treat various skin issues.