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Untitled Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is electricity?

The movement of particles around an atom that creates pure energy.

Define electric current.

The flow of electricity along a conductor.

What is a conductor?

Any material that conducts electricity.

What is a nonconductor?

<p>A material that does not transmit electricity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a complete electric circuit?

<p>The path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How fast does lightning travel?

<p>Lightning can travel up to speeds of 60,000 miles per hour through the air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of electric currents?

<p>Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is direct current?

<p>A constant even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is alternating current?

<p>A rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction then in the opposite direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a converter?

<p>An apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a rectifier?

<p>An apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How fast is electricity?

<p>Electricity travels at 186,000 miles per second.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some differences between direct and alternating current?

<p>Direct Current: Constant, even-flowing, travels in one direction. Alternating Current: Rapid and interrupted flow, travels in two directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a volt?

<p>The unit that measures the pressure of force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ampere?

<p>The measurement of the strength of an electric current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a milliampere?

<p>1/1,000 of an ampere, used for facial and scalp treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an ohm?

<p>The measurement of the resistance of an electric current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a watt?

<p>The measurement of how much electricity is being used at that moment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a kilowatt?

<p>1,000 watts, calculated as kilowatts per hour for energy usage measurement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a fuse do?

<p>Prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a circuit breaker?

<p>A switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electrical current during an overload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is grounding?

<p>Completes an electrical circuit and carries the current safely away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which company tests all electrical appliances?

<p>Underwriters Laboratories (UL).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is electrotherapy?

<p>When electric currents are used to treat the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are modalities in skin treatments?

<p>Currents used in facials and scalp treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an electrode?

<p>An applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client's skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is polarity in electricity?

<p>The positive and negative pole of an electric current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is galvanic current?

<p>A constant and direct current that produces chemical changes when passing through tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the positives and negatives of galvanic current?

<p>Positive pole produces acidic reactions; negative pole produces alkaline reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of electrodes?

<p>Active electrodes and inactive electrodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is iontophoresis?

<p>The process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin using electric current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cataphoresis?

<p>Infuses an acidic product into deeper tissues using galvanic current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anaphoresis?

<p>Infuses an alkaline product into the tissue from the negative pole to the positive pole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is desincrustation?

<p>A process used to soften the skin and emulsify grease deposits and blackheads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is microcurrent?

<p>An extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Tesla high-frequency current?

<p>A thermal current with a high rate of oscillation commonly used for scalp and facial treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

<p>All forms of energy or radiation that exist.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a wavelength?

<p>The distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the visible spectrum of light?

<p>The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is invisible light?

<p>Light at either end of the visible spectrum that is invisible to the naked eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ultraviolet light?

<p>Invisible light with short wavelengths that can cause chemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a catalyst?

<p>Substances that speed up chemical reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is light therapy?

<p>An application of light rays to the skin for various treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does LASER stand for?

<p>Light Amplification Stimulation Emission of Radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a light-emitting diode?

<p>A medical device used to reduce acne and improve skin circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is intense pulsed light?

<p>A medical device that uses multiple colors of focused light for various skin treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Electricity in Cosmetology

  • Electricity: Movement of particles around an atom creates pure energy.
  • Electric Current: Flow of electricity along a conductor.
  • Conductor: Material that easily transmits electricity, with metals like copper being prime examples.
  • Nonconductor (Insulator): Material that does not allow electricity to flow through it.

Electric Circuits and Lightning

  • Complete Electric Circuit: The path of electric currents moving from a source, through conductors, and back.
  • Lightning Speed: Can travel up to 60,000 miles per hour in air.

Types of Electric Currents

  • Direct Current (DC): Constant current flowing in one direction, produced by chemical means (e.g., flashlights, cell phones).
  • Alternating Current (AC): Rapid current flowing in alternating directions, produced by mechanical means (e.g., hair dryers, curling irons).

Electric Current Conversion

  • Converter: Changes direct current to alternating current.
  • Rectifier: Changes alternating current to direct current.

Speed and Measurement of Electricity

  • Electricity's Speed: Travels at 186,000 miles per second; can circle the Earth eight times in the time it takes to switch on a light.
  • Volt: Measures force pushing electric current through a conductor (also known as voltage).
  • Ampere (Amp): Measures the strength of electric current.
  • Milliampere (mA): 1/1,000 of an ampere, commonly used in treatments for safety.
  • Ohm: Measures the resistance of an electric current.
  • Watt: Indicates how much electricity is consumed at a moment.
  • Kilowatt: Equals 1,000 watts, measured in kilowatts per hour (kWh).

Safety Devices

  • Fuse: Prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.
  • Circuit Breaker: Automatically interrupts electrical current during an overload.
  • Grounding: Completes a circuit and safely carries current away.

Safety Standards

  • Underwriters Laboratories (UL): Certifies electrical appliances for safety when used correctly.

Electrotherapy and Modalities

  • Electrotherapy: Use of electric currents for skin treatments.
  • Modalities: Different currents in facials and scalp treatments; include galvanic current, microcurrent, and Tesla high-frequency current.

Electrodes and Polarity

  • Electrode: Applicator for directing electric current from a device to the skin, also called a probe.
  • Polarity: Refers to the positive (Anode, marked P or +) and negative (Cathode, marked N or -) poles of an electric current.

Galvanic Current

  • Galvanic Current: Direct current producing chemical changes in tissues; named after Luigi Galvani.
  • Positive Pole (Cataphoresis): Produces acidic reactions, closes pores, and firms tissue.
  • Negative Pole (Anaphoresis): Produces alkaline reactions, opens pores, and softens tissues.

Other Treatment Techniques

  • Iontophoresis: Infusing products into the skin using electric currents.
  • Cataphoresis: Infusion of acidic products deep into tissues via galvanic current.
  • Anaphoresis: Infusion of alkaline products using the opposite pole of galvanic current.
  • Deincrustation: A form of anaphoresis that softens skin and emulsifies oils and blackheads.

Microcurrent and High-Frequency

  • Microcurrent: Low-level electricity that mimics the body's natural impulses.
  • Tesla High-Frequency Current: Thermal current used for scalp and facial treatments; stimulates circulation and improves skin metabolism.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

  • Electromagnetic Spectrum: All forms of energy that exist, including radio waves, microwaves, light waves, and x-rays.
  • Wavelength: Distance between peaks of electromagnetic waves; long wavelengths have low frequency, short wavelengths have high frequency.
  • Visible Spectrum of Light: 35% of natural sunlight visible to the eye, with violet having the shortest and red the longest wavelength.

Light and Laser Therapy

  • Invisible Light: Light outside the visible spectrum, not visible to the naked eye.
  • Ultraviolet Light: Short wavelength, less penetrating; divides into UVA, UVB (burning rays), and UVC (blocked by ozone layer).
  • Catalyst: Substances speeding up chemical reactions, often using heat or light.
  • Light Therapy (Phototherapy): Application of light rays for skin treatment.
  • Laser: Stands for Light Amplification Stimulation Emission of Radiation; works by photothermolysis, turning laser light into heat.
  • Light-Emitting Diode (LED): Medical device that reduces acne and improves skin circulation.
  • Intense Pulse Light (IPL): Device using a broad spectrum of light to treat various skin issues.

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