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Questions and Answers

Which of the following can be part of the clinical team? (Select all that apply)

Hygienist (correct)

Receptionist

Insurance/Billing Coordinator

Dentist (correct)

Which of the following roles is included in the administration team? (Select all that apply)

Endodontist

Orthodontist

Office Manager (correct)

Scheduling Coordinator (correct)

What is a general dentist?

A dentist that does a little bit of everything

What is an orthodontist known for?

Braces specialist Signup and view all the answers

What does an endodontist specialize in?

Root canal specialist Signup and view all the answers

What type of specialist treats gum disease?

Periodontist Signup and view all the answers

What does an oral and maxillofacial surgeon correct?

Disease, injury, or defects by surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is a prosthodontist known for?

Prosthetic specialist Signup and view all the answers

Who is a pedodontist?

Children specialist Signup and view all the answers

What is the mandible?

Lower jaw that holds teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is the maxilla?

Upper jaw that holds teeth Signup and view all the answers

What are condyles?

The round prominence at the end of the TMJ allowing the mandible to open and close Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mental foramen?

It permits passage of the mental nerve and blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What are bicuspids/premolars?

Smaller teeth in front of molars Signup and view all the answers

What is a ramus?

A part of the mandible that turns toward the skull vertically to allow rotation of the TMJ Signup and view all the answers

What is the temporomandibular joint?

The joint on each side of the head that allows movement of the mandible Signup and view all the answers

What does anterior mean?

Toward the front Signup and view all the answers

What does posterior mean?

Toward the back Signup and view all the answers

What does medial mean?

Toward or nearer to the midline of the body Signup and view all the answers

What does lateral mean?

Toward the outer left and right part of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the labial frenulum?

The band of tissue on the inside of the lips that attaches in the center on both the maxillary and mandibular arch Signup and view all the answers

What is the lingual frenulum?

The thin fold of skin that extends from the floor of the mouth underneath the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What is the hard palate?

The gingiva (gums) underlying the roof of the mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is the soft palate?

The skin posterior to the hard palate that moves freely Signup and view all the answers

What is the uvula?

The pear-shaped projection at the end of the soft palate Signup and view all the answers

What is a tonsil?

A mass of lymphatic tissue, usually round or oval in shape, located on each side of the throat Signup and view all the answers

What is the buccal vestibule?

The area between the cheek and the teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is the submandibular gland?

Gland under the tongue that secretes saliva Signup and view all the answers

What is the apex of a tooth?

The tapered end of each root tip where the nerve exits the tooth Signup and view all the answers

What is bone in dental terms?

Hard tissue that the tooth resides in Signup and view all the answers

What is cementum?

Outer layer covering of the anatomic root of a tooth Signup and view all the answers

What is a crown?

The part of the tooth that protrudes through the gums that is visible Signup and view all the answers

What are gums?

Gingiva Signup and view all the answers

What is dentin?

The hard portion of the tooth that surrounds the pulp and is covered by enamel on the crown and by cementum on the root Signup and view all the answers

What is enamel?

Outer layer covering the crown of the tooth, hardest material in the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the pulp chamber/cavity?

The space occupied by pulp Signup and view all the answers

What is the periodontal ligament?

A group of hairlike ligaments between the bone and the root that serves as shock absorber for the tooth Signup and view all the answers

What should the pH of the mouth be?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the number one cavity detector?

Explorer Signup and view all the answers

What are indicator dyes used for?

To make sure all the decay has been removed Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when the doctor says 'prepped the tooth'?

Drilled the cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is bruxism?

Grinding of teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is erosion in dental terms?

Breaking down of teeth from a chemical (e.g., acid; sucking on lemons) Signup and view all the answers

What is abrasion?

Caused by something rubbing or scraping against the tooth (e.g., toothbrush abrasion) Signup and view all the answers

What is fluorosis?

When a child ingests too much fluoride and it makes white spots on teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is a tetracycline stain?

When stain is present on adult teeth and the patient took tetracycline antibiotics as a child (gray teeth) Signup and view all the answers

What is halitosis?

Bad breath Signup and view all the answers

What is xerostomia?

Dry mouth Signup and view all the answers

What are central incisors?

Larger front two teeth closest to the midline Signup and view all the answers

What are lateral incisors?

The second tooth from the midline, normally smaller than the centrals Signup and view all the answers

What is a cuspid/canine?

Has 1 cusp, used for cutting food Signup and view all the answers

What is a bicuspid/premolar?

Have 2 cusps and 1 root except the upper first bicuspid which has 2 roots Signup and view all the answers

What is a molar?

Have 4 or more cusps and 2 or more roots Signup and view all the answers

What teeth are included in primary dentition?

Incisors, cuspid/canine, molars Signup and view all the answers

What is the facial surface of a tooth?

The outer surface of the tooth facing the cheek or lip Signup and view all the answers

What is the labial surface?

The outer surface for anterior teeth facing the lips Signup and view all the answers

What is the buccal surface?

The outer surface for posterior teeth facing the cheek Signup and view all the answers

What is the lingual surface?

The surface of the tooth closest to the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What is the mesial surface?

The surface of the tooth that is facing forwards, closest to the midline Signup and view all the answers

What is the distal surface?

The surface of the tooth that is facing backwards, away from the midline Signup and view all the answers

What is the occlusal surface?

The surface of the tooth that is used for chewing, posterior teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is the incisal surface?

The surface of the tooth that is used for cutting, anterior teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is class 1 dental occlusion?

Perfect bite - the upper teeth are on the outside of the lower teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is class 2 dental occlusion?

Maxillary (upper jaw) teeth protrude Signup and view all the answers

What is class 3 dental occlusion?

Mandibular (bottom jaw) teeth protrude in the anterior Signup and view all the answers

What is a cross bite?

The mandibular teeth are on the outside of the maxillary teeth in the posterior teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is a fibroma?

A benign scar-like reaction to persistent irritation in the mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is a mucocele?

A swelling tissue because it becomes fluid filled when a saliva gland duct has trauma Signup and view all the answers

What is linea alba?

A white line, level with the patients bite plane that forms when the patient bites their cheek or sucks on it Signup and view all the answers

What is a geographic tongue?

A map-like appearance on the upper surface and sides of the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What is a fissured tongue?

Deep grooves in the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What is a black hairy tongue?

Condition of the tongue where the papillae elongate with a black or brown discoloration Signup and view all the answers

What does supernumerary mean in dental terms?

When a patient has one or more extra teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is fusion in dental terms?

When two teeth are fused to one Signup and view all the answers

What does edentulous mean?

When a patient has no teeth Signup and view all the answers

What are congenitally missing teeth?

When a patient never forms particular teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is a peg lateral?

When the laterals are smaller in size than normal and are shaped like a peg Signup and view all the answers

What are tori?

Extra bone in the mouth which can be caused from grinding teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is a chief complaint in a dental context?

When finding out what is wrong with the patient is known as Signup and view all the answers

What is important for a clean and safe dental procedure?

Sterilized instruments Signup and view all the answers

What are the different sterilization procedures?

Cold sterile, ultrasonic and heat, wash and heat Signup and view all the answers

What is the color indicator in sterilization?

Located at the bottom of the pouch and will change colors once the pouch has completed a full cycle Signup and view all the answers

Where should instruments that can withstand high heat sterilization be placed?

Autoclave Signup and view all the answers

What instruments do not go in the wash but go directly to heat sterilization?

Handpieces, cavitron tips Signup and view all the answers

Whose zone is from 7-12 in dental practices?

Doctor's zone Signup and view all the answers

Whose zone is from 2-4 in dental practices?

Assistant's zone Signup and view all the answers

What is the transfer zone in dental procedures?

What zone is from 4-7 and 12-2 Signup and view all the answers

What does a dentist do when a patient has a small cavity?

Cleans out the decay and fills the tooth with amalgam (silver) or composite (tooth color) Signup and view all the answers

If a tooth is cracked or has a large cavity, then it might need a ________.

crown Signup and view all the answers

What is a root canal?

When the crack or decay gets close to the nerve, then the doctor will have to remove the nerve and fill it with gutta percha Signup and view all the answers

What is an extraction in dental terms?

If a tooth has too much decay and is not able to be saved, then the doctor will have to remove the tooth Signup and view all the answers

When a tooth is removed, it can be replaced with: (Select all that apply)

Partial Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Clinical and Administration Teams

The Clinical Team may include roles such as dentists, assistants, hygienists, and lab technicians, varying by office.
The Administration Team can consist of receptionists, insurance/billing coordinators, scheduling coordinators, and office managers.

Dental Specialties

General Dentist: Provides a range of dental services.
Orthodontist: Specializes in braces for aligning teeth.
Endodontist: Focuses on root canal treatments.
Periodontist: Deals with gum disease.
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon: Performs surgical corrections for diseases, injuries, or defects.
Prosthodontist: Specializes in dental prosthetics.
Pedodontist: Focuses on dental care for children.

Dental Anatomy

Mandible: The lower jaw that holds teeth.
Maxilla: The upper jaw holding teeth.
Condyles: Projections at the TMJ that facilitate jaw movement.
Mental Foramen: Holes in the mandible for nerve and vascular passage.
Bicuspid/Premolars: Smaller teeth in front of molars.

Jaw Structure and Movement

Ramus: A part of the mandible that helps in TMJ movement.
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ): Allows the mandible to move.
Anterior vs. Posterior: Anterior refers to the front teeth, while posterior refers to the back teeth.
Medial and Lateral: Medial is closer to the midline; lateral indicates the outer areas.

Oral Tissues and Structures

Labial Frenulum: Tissue band inside the lips attaching to the maxilla and mandible.
Lingual Frenulum: A fold of skin under the tongue.
Hard Palate vs. Soft Palate: The hard palate is bony and forms the roof of the mouth; the soft palate is movable and located behind it.
Uvula: A projection at the end of the soft palate.
Tonsils: Lymphatic tissue at the sides of the throat.

Tooth Structure

Apex: The root tip's end where nerves exit the tooth.
Cementum: Covers the root of the tooth.
Crown: The visible part of the tooth above gums.
Dentin: Hard tissue surrounding the tooth’s pulp.
Enamel: The hardest outer layer covering the tooth crown.

Oral Health Conditions

Bruxism: Grinding of teeth.
Erosion: Teeth breakdown due to chemicals (like acids).
Fluorosis: White spots on teeth from excessive fluoride ingestion.
Halitosis: Bad breath.
Xerostomia: Dry mouth.

Dental Terminology

Central Incisors: Front two larger teeth near the midline.
Cuspid/Canine: Tooth with one pointed cusp for slicing food.
Facial, Labial, and Buccal: Surface designations based on position relative to lips and cheeks.
Classifications: Class 1 equals a perfect bite; Class 2 (overbite) protrudes upper teeth; Class 3 (underbite) protrudes lower teeth.

Oral Pathologies

Fibroma: Benign lump due to irritation, needs surgical removal.
Mucocele: Fluid-filled swelling due to saliva gland trauma.
Tori: Extra bone in the mouth often due to grinding.
Supernumerary Teeth: Presence of extra teeth.
Edentulous: Absence of teeth.

Clinical Procedures

Cavity Fillings: Amalgam or composite materials used to fill cavities.
Crown Placement: Used when a tooth is cracked or decayed.
Root Canal Treatment: Nerve removal and filling with gutta percha for severely decayed teeth.
Tooth Extraction: Removal of a tooth that cannot be saved.
Dental Prosthetics: Used to replace missing teeth, including implants, bridges, and dentures.

Sterilization Protocols

Instrument Sterilization: Essential for safe dental procedures.
Techniques include cold sterile, ultrasonic, and autoclave methods.

Dental Zones

Doctor's Zone: Extends from 7 to 12.
Assistant's Zone: Spans from 2 to 4.
Transfer Zone: Ranges from 4 to 7 and 12 to 2.

Patient Interaction

Chief Complaint (cc): Initial identification of the patient's issue is recorded.

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