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Questions and Answers
What is the significance of the Holy Eucharist starting at noon?
What is the significance of the Holy Eucharist starting at noon?
What replaces the Trisagion during the Holy Eucharist on Holy Saturday?
What replaces the Trisagion during the Holy Eucharist on Holy Saturday?
Which hymn serves as the intercessory prayer to the Mother of God during the Holy Cross season?
Which hymn serves as the intercessory prayer to the Mother of God during the Holy Cross season?
What is the main holy person emphasized during the Sleeba season worship?
What is the main holy person emphasized during the Sleeba season worship?
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What do believers receive for suffering for the Lord Jesus Christ according to tradition?
What do believers receive for suffering for the Lord Jesus Christ according to tradition?
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When do congregations typically shift from Sleeba to Kyemtha season of worship?
When do congregations typically shift from Sleeba to Kyemtha season of worship?
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What key commandment were the disciples instructed to follow according to the teachings of Jesus?
What key commandment were the disciples instructed to follow according to the teachings of Jesus?
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Which musical instrument is mentioned in the hymn of penitence included in the compline prayer?
Which musical instrument is mentioned in the hymn of penitence included in the compline prayer?
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What is the sequence of the first procession on Good Friday intended to symbolize?
What is the sequence of the first procession on Good Friday intended to symbolize?
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How many solemn processions are conducted on Good Friday?
How many solemn processions are conducted on Good Friday?
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During what event are the Kauma prayers different from the ordinary Kauma prayers recited?
During what event are the Kauma prayers different from the ordinary Kauma prayers recited?
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What prevents the recitation of 'Hail Mary' during Passion Week?
What prevents the recitation of 'Hail Mary' during Passion Week?
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What occurs after the prostrations in front of the Holy Cross on Good Friday?
What occurs after the prostrations in front of the Holy Cross on Good Friday?
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What is the primary focus of the prayers during Passion Week?
What is the primary focus of the prayers during Passion Week?
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What event does the second procession on Good Friday commemorate?
What event does the second procession on Good Friday commemorate?
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What is the significance of the 'Trisagion Prayer' during Passion Week?
What is the significance of the 'Trisagion Prayer' during Passion Week?
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What is prohibited during the Holy Eucharist on Holy Saturday?
What is prohibited during the Holy Eucharist on Holy Saturday?
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What ceremony is typically conducted on Maundy Thursday afternoon?
What ceremony is typically conducted on Maundy Thursday afternoon?
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Which of the following practices does not occur during Passion Week church services?
Which of the following practices does not occur during Passion Week church services?
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What replaces Trisagion during the Holy Eucharist on Maundy Thursday?
What replaces Trisagion during the Holy Eucharist on Maundy Thursday?
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What is the significance of the congregation going to the cemetery on Holy Saturday?
What is the significance of the congregation going to the cemetery on Holy Saturday?
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Which canonical prayers are said after the Holy Eucharist on Maundy Thursday?
Which canonical prayers are said after the Holy Eucharist on Maundy Thursday?
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Why are prostrations not made after the Holy Qurbana on Maundy Thursday?
Why are prostrations not made after the Holy Qurbana on Maundy Thursday?
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What happens to the chancel of the Holy of Holies during Passion Week?
What happens to the chancel of the Holy of Holies during Passion Week?
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Study Notes
Chapter 4 Inter-Testament History
- Alexander the Great ruled from BC 356-323
- Septuagint is the Greek translation of the Old Testament, translated by 70 scholars, inspired by Ptolemy II (BC 285-247)
- Greek empire was ruled by military generals Ptolemy and Seleucius after Alexander
- Antiochus IV ended the rule of the Ptolemies in BC 170
- Judas Maccabees led the Maccabees
- Jason and Menelaus bribed Antiochus IV to become high priest
- Hanukkah commemorates the re-dedication of the Jerusalem Temple by the Maccabees, celebrated for 8 days in the Hebrew month of Kislev (BC 164)
- Maccabees means "hammer"
- Hasidim dynasty is also known as the Hasmonean dynasty
- Hasidim kings held priest, administrator, and military general positions simultaneously
- Queen Salome Alexandra was the only female ruler of the Hasidim dynasty
- Conflict between Queen Salome's sons Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II led to Roman intervention in Israel
Chapter 5 The Holy Bible – A General Outline
- The Syriac Bible accepted by the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church is called the Peshitho Bible
- Rev. Kurian Cor. Episcopa Kaniyamparambil translated the Peshitho Bible to Malayalam
- The gospels of the Peshitho Bible were translated into Malayalam by Ramban Philipose, Ramban Ittoop, and Thinmayya Pillai
- The Holy Bible is the fundamental scripture of Christians
- The Holy Bible is a part of the sacred tradition of the church
- The Tobit, Judith, the Wisdom of Solomon, Baruch, Sirach, 1 & 2 Maccabees are Deuterocanonical books of the Bible
- The book of Genesis records the events of Israelites in Egypt
- The book of Exodus describes the tribulations of Israelites in Egypt
- The book of Leviticus explains the offerings and sacrifices of Israelites to God
- The book of Deuteronomy contains the farewell speech of Moses
Chapter 6 The Epistles of St. Paul
- St. Paul authored 14 epistles
- Epistles are considered important books after the Gospels
- 10 of the epistles were sent to churches, 4 to individuals
- The body of the letters contains teachings of faith and dogma
- The Epistles to Timothy and Titus are pastoral letters and concern the shepherds of the Church
- The Epistles were inspired by the Holy Spirit
- St. Paul's epistles begin with greetings and thanksgivings
- Epistles were taken by loyal people to their destinations
- The feast of St. Peter and St. Paul is celebrated on June 29th
- Phoebe delivered St. Paul's letter to the Romans
- Tychicus was St. Paul’s messenger to the Church of Ephesus
- St. Paul was martyred during the time of Emperor Nero
- The letters speak about the Shepherds and their qualities and duties
Chapter 7 The Theological Vision of St. Paul
- Three positions of ecclesiastical ministry in the early Church (Bishops, Kashisha, Deacon)
- Jesus Christ is the Lamb of the Passover
- The Holy Spirit is the greatest grace
- St. Paul described the End of Ages as the Day of the Lord
- Jesus Christ is the architect of the Temple of God
- The believers are the stones which build up the Temple of God
- Jesus Christ is the head of the church
- Titus and Timothy are important leaders in the church during the time of St. Paul
- Christ and the Church are described as husband and wife/bridegroom and bride
- The second coming of Christ will be a battle against God with all its might.
- The second coming of Christ is the eternal Son of God; equal and one with the Father
- Christ is the person/form of a servant
- Life in Christ is described as discrimination, fellowship and along with it leads to unity.
Chapter 8 The General Epistles
- General epistles are addressed to persons rather than specific churches
- General Epistles were written in response to circumstances, such as persecution of Christians and the rise of heresies
- The seven General Epistles are: James, Jude, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, and 3 John
- 1 Peter is known as the Epistle of Hope and Encouragement
- 2 Peter warns about some teachers who falsely teach
- 1,2, and 3 John concern the importance of love and wisdom
- Jude shares information about important issues dealing with the end times
- The Apostle Jude and Epistle of 2 Peter were written about false teachers.
Chapter 9 The Book of Revelation
- Apocalypse means ‘revealing’ or ‘unveiling’ things previously unknown
- The book is written in a symbolic manner, employing figurative language that makes the future known.
- The book of Revelation deals with the conflict between God and Evil.
- The Book was written during the time of Roman Emperor Domitian (persecuting Christians).
- St. John was exiled to Patmos
- The book is filled with symbolism, images, and visions
- There is opposition and a conflict depicted between Christ and the evil forces.
Chapter 10 Canon of the Holy Bible
- Canon means "measuring rod"
- 4 criteria are used to determine if a book is included in the Bible
- The Hebrew Bible contained 39 books
- The Septuagint is a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible
- The Greek Bible contained 46 books
- The Council of Jamnia fixed the 39 books of the Hebrew Bible as the Old Testament canon in AD 90
- Additional books in the Greek translation are called Deuterocanonical books (or Apocrypha)
Chapter 12 Observing the Passion Week
- Lists the words and meaning of terms relating to the Passion Week
- Names the three Church Fathers after whom the Bovoosos are categorized
- Name of the Moranaya Festival (This chapter focuses on the rituals and traditions of the Passion Week)
Chapter 13 The Holy Eucharist on Maundy Thursday & Holy Saturday
- Holy Saturday is also known as "Saturday of Evangelism"
- Washing of feet is an important ceremony in Maundy Thursday
- Holy Saturday commemorates the departed
- Holy Saturday Eucharist begins by noon after finishing canonical prayers till None
- The practice of going to cemeteries to pray exists on Holy Saturday
- The Holy Eucharist on Maundy Thursday differs from ordinary days in terms of rituals, hymns, and prayers
Chapter 14 The Evening of Sleeba
- The Feast of Holy Cross is celebrated on September 14th
- The intercessory prayer to the Mother of God during Holy Cross Season is called the Chikkunnu njangalodopum hymn
- The season of worship observed between the Feast of Holy Cross and the Easter is the Sleeba Season
- The shift from Sleeba to Kyemtha season occurs after the Easter
- The main theme of Sleeba is the glorification and remembrance of the Mother of God.
- There is a hymn used in remembrance of those who suffered for Lord Jesus Christ
Chapter 17 World-wide Dispersal of the Church during Colonial Times
- The main missionary activities of the Protestant Church happened in the continents of Asia and Africa, during the period of Reformation
- Evangelism focused on the Pacific Islands, Asia, and Africa
Chapter 18 Malankara Church from the 17th to the 19th centuries
- The period from the 17th to the 19th centuries is considered the golden age of the Malankara Church.
- Various events in the history, such as the Koonan Cross Oath in 1653, are important parts of this chapter.
- The construction of the Orthodox Theological Seminary in 1813 and its funding by Rani Lakshmi Bhai
- The strained relationship between the Malankara Church and the CMS Missionaries is discussed.
Chapter 19 History of the Catholicate
- The headquarters of Malankara Church is in Devalokam, Kottayam (Catholicate Palace).
Chapter 20 Maniso (Anthem) of Mar Severios
- The hymn ‘By Thy Mother’s earnest Prayers' is used to start the Holy Eucharist
- Maniso refers to hymns or praise songs used in worship.
Chapter 21 The ministration of Fraction, Consignation and Commixtion
- The Eucharist is divided into four acts based on the actions of Jesus when establishing the Eucharist.
- The second benediction during the Eucharist is in the name of Lord Jesus Christ
- The hymns "Hearken Gracious" and "Seraphim of Fiery Line" are sung during special moments of the Eucharist.
Chapter 22 The Holy Trinity
- The Holy Trinity is described as one God in three persons (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit)
- The significance of the Holy Trinity in the liturgy is discussed
- The biblical basis for the belief in the Holy Trinity is explained.
Chapter 23 Priesthood in Christianity
- Various positions of priesthood (Bishops, Metropolitans, Priests, Kashisha, and Deacons)
- The basis of Christian Priesthood is the priesthood of Lord Jesus Christ.
- The high priest forever is Jesus Christ, according to the order of Melchizedek
Chapter 24 The Vision of End of Ages (Eschatology)
- The thoughts of the last judgement, and life after death are included here
- The importance of the End of Ages, the intention of the Nicene Creed, and fundamental dogmas of the Church are also discussed.
- The coming of Christ, including who will see it and the importance of the return are included.
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