Guar Gum and Oleoresin Properties Quiz
30 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of carbohydrate is guar gum classified as?

  • Hydrocolloidal polysaccharide (correct)
  • Fiber
  • Starch
  • Simple sugar
  • Which of the following components make up guar gum?

  • Glucose and fructose
  • Cellulose and hemicellulose
  • Galactan and mannan (correct)
  • Sucrose and lactose
  • Which of these is described as a safe alternative to guar gum?

  • Cornstarch
  • Inulin
  • Psyllium (correct)
  • Gelatin
  • What type of linkages are found in the structure of guar gum?

    <p>Glycosidic linkages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates guar gum from typical dietary fibers?

    <p>It is a hydrocolloidal polysaccharide. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was done to the trunk of the box?

    <p>It was cut and a blaze cut was applied around it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How was oleoresin removed from the box?

    <p>With a dipper at regular intervals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happened to the oleoresin after it was collected?

    <p>It was sent in barrels to a distillery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the length of the box increased over time?

    <p>To accommodate more oleoresin collection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely characteristic of the oleoresin collected?

    <p>It is typically a viscous fluid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method mentioned for obtaining juice from the plant?

    <p>Incision (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the juice after it is obtained from the plant?

    <p>It is dried (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the residue mentioned after obtaining juice from the plant?

    <p>It is wasted (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the material obtained after the juice is dried?

    <p>Dried extract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is predominantly retained after the juice is extracted from the plant?

    <p>Plant residue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of gelatin?

    <p>Colorless or pale yellow and translucent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about gelatin is true?

    <p>It can be cut into strips or made into a granular powder. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these characteristics does gelatin NOT possess?

    <p>Strong taste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form can sheet gelatin take?

    <p>Strips or granular powder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the odor and taste of gelatin?

    <p>Little odor or taste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of guar in relation to cholesterol levels?

    <p>It lowers cholesterol levels by binding bile salts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property allows the substance to be used as an antiseptic?

    <p>Antimicrobial activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the thickening power of guar compare to starch?

    <p>Guar has 5-6 times the thickening power of starch. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viruses are mentioned in relation to the substance's effects?

    <p>Herpes simplex and syphilis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which industry is guar predominantly used due to its properties?

    <p>Food industry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an effect of the substance on the skin?

    <p>Tightens and balances skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is suggested for guar's cholesterol-lowering effect?

    <p>By binding bile salts in the gut. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of guar compared to starch in food applications?

    <p>It has a significantly higher thickening power. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pH property is associated with the mode of action of the substance on skin?

    <p>Astringent pH properties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is associated with inflammation of the eye that the substance can address?

    <p>Eye inflammation from herpes simplex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Large box

    A container used to collect oleoresin from a tree.

    Oleoresin

    A sticky, fragrant substance produced by trees, often collected for its medicinal and aromatic properties.

    Dipper

    A tool used to scoop out oleoresin from the collection box.

    Distillery

    A place where oleoresin is processed to separate its useful components.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Blaze cut

    The process of cutting a tree to collect oleoresin.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Guar Gum

    A type of soluble fiber that can be found in oats and psyllium. It helps absorb water and form a gel-like substance in the digestive tract.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Polysaccharide

    A complex carbohydrate made up of many sugar molecules linked together in a chain.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hydrocolloidal Polysaccharide

    A type of polysaccharide composed of galactan and mannan units joined by glycosidic linkages.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Glycosidic Linkages

    A long chain of sugar molecules connected by special chemical bonds called glycosidic linkages.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Galactan and Mannan

    A type of sugar molecule found in guar gum. It's a building block for the polysaccharide.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Guar gum's thickening power

    Guar gum has the ability to thicken food products, offering a thickening power that's significantly higher compared to starch.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Guar and cholesterol

    Guar can potentially help reduce cholesterol levels by binding with bile salts in the digestive system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is guar gum?

    Guar gum is a natural substance extracted from the guar plant.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    How powerful is guar gum?

    Guar gum's thickening power is estimated to be 5-6 times stronger than starch.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    How does guar gum work in food?

    Guar gum can be added to food products to increase their viscosity, making them thicker.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Plant residue

    The leftover solid part after extracting juice from a plant.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Plant juice

    The liquid extracted from a plant.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dried extract

    The dried and concentrated juice of a plant.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Incision

    The process of separating a liquid from a solid.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Drying

    The process of removing moisture from a liquid to create a solid form.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Gelatin

    Gelatin, a colorless to pale yellow, translucent substance with almost no odor or taste, can be found in sheet form or as a granular powder.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Sheet Gelatin

    Sheet gelatin is a type of gelatin that can be cut into strips for use in cooking and baking.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Granular Gelatin

    Granular gelatin is a form of gelatin that exists as small granules or particles, making it easy to dissolve in liquids.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Gelatin's Flavor

    Gelatin is largely odorless and tasteless, contributing a neutral character to dishes that use it.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Antimicrobial

    A chemical compound that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms, often used to clean wounds or prevent infections.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Herpes Simplex

    A common skin condition caused by the herpes simplex virus, often appearing as blisters or sores around the mouth or genitals.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Syphilis

    A sexually transmitted infection caused by the Treponema pallidum bacterium, which can lead to various complications if untreated.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Astringent

    A substance that tightens pores and reduces oil production on the skin.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    pH

    A measure of acidity or alkalinity, with a lower pH indicating greater acidity.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Unorganized Drugs

    • Definition: Mixtures of chemical substances or decomposition products of substances found in the biological source of the drug.
    • Source: Derived from parts of plants or animals (through processes like incision, decoction, and expression).
    • Forms: Solid to semisolid, some are fluids like oils or balsams.
    • Description: Lacks cellular structure; identified through physical characteristics (form, color, fracture), solubility, and chemical tests.

    Classification

    • Resins & Resin Combinations: Large organic aids for protection.
      • Resins: Colophony, Guiacum
      • Oleoresins: Mastic, Copaiba, Canada Turpentine
      • Oleogumresins: Myrrh, Asafoetida
      • Balsams: Benzoin, Balsam Peru
    • Gums: Polysaccharides. Examples: Acacia, Tragacanth, Guar
    • Dried Extracts: Agar, Gelatin
    • Dried Juices: Aloes
    • Dried Latex: Opium (milky exudate, emulsion or suspension).
    • Oils & Fats
    • Saccharine Substances : Honey

    Resin vs. Gum

    Feature Resin Gum
    Nature Mixture of organic compounds, mainly acids (solid or highly viscous) Heteropolysaccharide polymers
    Production in plant Natural or pathological; collected by incision Pathological; produced after incision
    Solubility Soluble in alcohol, organic solvents; insoluble in water Soluble in hot water; insoluble in alcohol
    Function for plant Protection (often with antimicrobial activity) Protection against exudation of plant constituents from injured parts

    Resins and Resin Combinations

    • General Characters: Hard, solid or semisolid, amorphous organic substance of complex nature.
    • Insoluble in water, mostly insoluble in petroleum ether, but soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether, and many organic solvents, as well as fixed and volatile oils and chloral hydrate.
    • Forms solutions; on evaporation, deposit as a varnish-like film.
    • Upon heating, soften and melt; burn with a smoky flame.

    Occurrence

    • Pure Resin
    • Resin + volatile oils → oleoresins
    • Resin + gums → gum-resins
    • Resin + oil + gum → oleo-gum-resins
    • Resin + sugar → glycosidal resin

    How to Obtain Resin

    • Extraction with ethanol and precipitation in water.
    • Plant punctures
    • Heating
    • Distillation to separate volatile oil from oleoresin (secondary flow is produced from injury, primary flow is produced without injury).
    • Box method (cutting into the trunk)
    • Cup and gutter method (incisions, cups to collect).

    Boswellia (Frankincense)

    • Names: Frankincense
    • Botanical Origin: Oleogum resin from Boswellia serrata
    • Active Constituents: Boswellic acid isomers, volatile oil (p-cymene and thujene)
    • Uses: Anti-inflammatory (osteoarthritis), anticancer, antiasthmatic (in Ayurveda).

    Dosage (Boswellia)

    • 300-400 mg of a standardized extract (containing 60% boswellic acids) three times daily is suggested.

    Oleogum Resin: Myrrh

    • Names: MyrrhGum Myrrh
    • Botanical Origin: Oleogum-resin, obtained from stems and branches of Commiphora molmol
    • Active Constituents: Volatile oil (with cuminaldehyde and eugenol), ẞ and y-commiphoric acids, gum (galactose, arabinose, xylose)

    Myrrh Uses

    • Antimicrobial and antiulcer activities
    • Externally used for hemorrhoids, bedsores, and wounds.
    • Treatment for mild inflammatory skin problems (anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer effects).
    • Sesquiterpenes provide antibacterial, antifungal, and analgesic effects.

    Benzoin (Balsam)

    • Balsamic resin from the bark of Styrax species.
    • Contains benzoic or cinnamic acids.
    • Uses: Perfumes, incense, flavoring, laryngitis, bronchitis (inhalation), wound healing.

    Gums

    • Gum acacia; Gum tragacanth; Guar gum

    Gum Acacia (Gum Arabic)

    • Name: Gum Arabic
    • Botanical Origin: Dried gummy exudation from Acacia senegal
    • Composition: Polysaccharide exudate

    Agar-Agar

    • Names: Agar, Japanese Isinglass
    • Botanical Origin: Dried mucilaginous substance prepared from Gelidium corneum (red algae)
    • Properties: Insoluble in cold water, soluble in hot water. Contains Ca salt of polysaccharides; yields D-and L-galactose and sulfate ions (agarose and agaropectin).
    • Agarose, a neutral galactose polymer, is responsible for agar's gel strength. Agaropectin is responsible for solution viscosity (sulphonated).

    Dried Extracts

    • Agar-Agar
    • Gelatin
    • Gambir or Catechu

    Dried Juices (Aloe)

    • Name: Aloes; aloe
    • Botanical Origin: Solid residue from evaporated liquid of transversely cut leaves of Aloes species (Liliaceae family).
    • Aloe Juice (comes spontaneous from incision of leaves—pericycle)
    • Aloe-gel (pith—inside leaf tissues)

    Aloetic Juice Constituents

    • Aloin (major cathartic constituent): C-glycosides (barbaloin and isobarbaloin).
    • Resin (Alosin): Purgative action, small amount of aloe-emodin
    • Aloe-gel (mucilage): Saccharide containing glycoproteins, mucopolysaccharides, or polysaccharides of glucomannan.

    Aloe Action and Uses

    • Aloe gel has no laxative effect; used in cosmetics, topical products, and as a moisturizer/emollient.
    • Antimicrobial and antifungal (tinea, Streptococcus, Shigella).
    • Treatment for psoriasis (hydrophilic cream).
    • Spermicide, chemo-preventive agent for cancer, and peptic ulcers.
    • Stimulant purgative (aloe juice).
    • Contains anthrones, more effective than anthraquinones as purgatives.

    Dried Latex (Opium)

    • Names: Gum Opium, Raw Opium (أفيون)
    • Composition: Dried milky exudation from unripe Papaver somniferum capsules (Papaveraceae family)
    • Quality: Judged by morphine content (minimum 9.5% anhydrous).

    Opium Preparation and Collection

    • Incising the unripe capsule to allow milky latex to ooze out.
    • Scraping, kneading, and wrapping the latex in leaves for drying in the shade.
    • Color changes from milky white to chocolate brown upon standing.

    Opium Action and Uses

    • Remedy for intolerable pain (post-operative, severe trauma).
    • Relieves intense pain (cancer patients, angina pectoris).
    • Increases the efficacy of anesthetics; reduces the dosage required; prevents shock.
    • Preferred treatment for excessive diarrhea.
    • Used for polyuria (especially true diabetes), reducing urine output and blood sugar.

    Opium Addiction

    • Highly addictive with physical and psychological dependence.
    • Requires tolerance to maintain the same effect (increasing dosages over time).
    • Withdrawal symptoms include nausea, tearing, yawning, chills, and sweating.
    • Contains over 19 alkaloids combined with meconic acid (meconates); sometimes combined with sulfuric acid or free as the weak base narcotine.
    • The presence of meconic acid serves as an indication of opium presence.

    Chemical Tests

    • Agar-Agar: Soluble in hot water; insoluble in cold water, also reacts with BaCl2 (white precipitate, BaSO4). Agar + iodine, reddish color.

    • Gelatin: Insoluble in cold water, absorbs liquid; dissolves with heating and forms jelly, reduced gel strength with long boiling. A test with picric acid yields canary yellow precipitate. A test with CuSO4 and NaOH produces violet color (Biurette test).

    • Opium/Glycosides: Modified Borntrager’s test for C-glycosides (filtration with benzene, a ferric chloride solution—oxidizes anthrone to anthraquinone, further treated with HCl and ammonium hydroxide to indicate a cherry-red color in benzene layer).

    • Meconic Acid: To an aqueous solution of meconic acid, add ferric chloride for coloration; blood-red.

    • Oils and Fats, Saccharine Substances are not listed here.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Description

    Test your knowledge on guar gum and oleoresin with this quiz. Explore the characteristics, structure, and extraction processes related to these substances. This quiz covers essential concepts that differentiate them from typical dietary fibers and their uses.

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser