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Questions and Answers

Which trait is NOT typically associated with successful leadership?

  • Self-confidence
  • Honesty and integrity
  • Intuition (correct)
  • Drive
  • What is a key characteristic that differentiates personality traits according to trait theory?

  • Consistency (correct)
  • Inconsistency
  • Subjectivity
  • Adaptability
  • Which of the following traits is directly related to social interactions according to the leadership process research?

  • Intelligence
  • Extroversion (correct)
  • Job-relevant knowledge
  • Desire to lead
  • What aspect of traits does the theory emphasize based on the context of personal experiences?

    <p>Stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait can contribute to a leader's effectiveness in decision-making and problem-solving?

    <p>Intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Fred Fiedler's Contingency Theory emphasize for leadership effectiveness?

    <p>The match between leadership style and situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT considered within the Health Belief Model?

    <p>Environmental influences on behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the view of Behaviorism in learning?

    <p>All behaviors are learned from the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a step within the process outlined by Fiedler's Contingency Theory?

    <p>Identification of personal leadership style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key implication of the Contingency Theory of leadership?

    <p>Leadership styles should vary with different situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In health behavior change, which element is emphasized by the Health Belief Model?

    <p>Understanding one's own health risks is crucial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor would likely lead to ineffective leadership according to Fiedler's Contingency Theory?

    <p>Maintaining a rigid leadership approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What learning theory emphasizes that behaviors are learned from environmental interactions?

    <p>Behaviorism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of scientific management principles?

    <p>Using scientific methods for task evaluation and employee training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does scientific management suggest employees should be handled?

    <p>Employees should be scientifically selected and trained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following roles do managers assume in the context of scientific management?

    <p>Managers plan work using scientific methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'rule of thumb' refer to in a management context?

    <p>Decisions made from personal judgment and experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major disadvantage of using 'rule of thumb' methods in management?

    <p>It may lead to inconsistent and inefficient practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the scientific management approach, what is emphasized for employee performance improvement?

    <p>Detailed instructions and consistent supervision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Frederick Taylor's contributions to management primarily focused on:

    <p>Maximizing efficiency through systematic observation and study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by equal distribution of work between management and labor in scientific management?

    <p>Management is responsible for planning and labor executes the plan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Leadership Traits

    • Seven traits identified for successful leadership include:
      • Drive
      • Desire to lead
      • Honesty and integrity
      • Self-confidence
      • Intelligence
      • Job-relevant knowledge
      • Extroversion

    Trait Theory

    • Trait theory asserts that individuals differ based on trait dimensions' strength and intensity.
    • Three criteria defining personality traits:
      • Consistency: Traits manifest similarly across situations.
      • Stability: Traits remain relatively unchanged over time.
      • Universal Principles: Traits are applicable in diverse contexts.

    Transtheoretical Model

    • Describes health behavior change through six stages:
      • Pre-contemplation
      • Contemplation
      • Preparation
      • Action
      • Maintenance
      • Termination

    Management Principles

    • Scientific management replaces traditional methods with systematic approaches:
      • Replace rule-of-thumb methods with scientific studies of tasks.
      • Scientifically select, train, and develop employees.
      • Provide detailed instructions and supervise performance.
      • Equal distribution of responsibilities between management and labor, with management focusing on planning.

    Rule of Thumb in Scientific Management

    • Refers to decision-making based on personal judgments of managers rather than systematic methods.

    Contingency Theory

    • Fred Fiedler's Contingency Theory suggests leadership effectiveness relies on the match between leadership style and situation.
    • Leaders may be effective in specific circumstances while ineffective in others.
    • The theory helps identify personal leadership style and situational needs.

    Health Belief Model

    • A theoretical framework for understanding health behaviors related to health promotion and disease prevention.
    • Used to explain and predict changes in individual health behaviors.

    Behavioral Theory

    • Behaviorism posits that behaviors are learned through environmental interactions.
    • The theory emphasizes that environment plays a larger role than innate factors in shaping behaviors.

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