Growth Hormone Mechanisms and Effects

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Questions and Answers

What is a prevalent condition associated with the enlargement of bones in extremities and viscera?

Gigantism

Rickets

Dawarfism (correct)

Osteoporosis

Which treatment is suitable for excess growth hormone (GH) conditions?

Surgery

Hormone replacement therapy

Octreotide & Lanreotide (correct)

Physical therapy

What is one of the primary hormones stimulated by ghrelin?

Cortisol

Growth hormone (correct)

Adrenaline

Insulin

What physiological effect is primarily mediated by IGF-1?

Promotion of long bone growth Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by genetic factors leading to effects on growth?

Turner's syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of growth hormone (GH) stimulation in children?

Stimulation of bone growth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a direct effect of growth hormone?

Stimulates lipolysis Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the treatment of Dawarfism?

Increase in GH levels Signup and view all the answers

Which option is NOT a direct effect of growth hormone?

Promotes fat storage Signup and view all the answers

What role does insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) play in the body?

It promotes growth of long bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH)?

To inhibit the release of growth hormone Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone release is NOT inhibited by GHIH?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is a synthetic analog of somatostatin?

Octreotide Signup and view all the answers

What is a major difference between GHIH and its synthetic analog, Octreotide?

Octreotide has a longer half-life than GHIH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones does GHIH inhibit that is related to digestive functions?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?

Stimulating growth of the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is known to directly inhibit the receptor it binds to?

Pegvisomant Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a role of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?

Enhancing immune response Signup and view all the answers

What could be a likely effect of elevated Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels?

Increased thyroid gland size Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone specifically prompts growth in the thyroid gland?

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Signup and view all the answers

What does an increase in plasma thyroid hormone levels indicate?

Abnormal function of the pituitary Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates thyroid insufficiency?

No rise in thyroid hormone levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between plasma thyroid hormone levels after stimulation and pituitary function?

Direct relationship with pituitary malfunction Signup and view all the answers

What condition is associated with elevated levels of thyroid hormones due to a secondary issue?

Secondary hypothyroidism Signup and view all the answers

In the context of thyroid hormone stimulation, what does a lack of increase in hormone levels suggest?

Pituitary gland malfunction Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH, Somatostatin)

Inhibits the release of growth hormone.
Also inhibits the release of glucagon, gastrin, and thyrotrophin.
Octreotide, a synthetic analog of somatostatin, has a longer half-life than the natural compound.
Ghrelin stimulates the secretion of growth hormone.

Physiological Effects of Growth Hormone

Direct effects:
- Stimulates the secretion of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).
- Stimulates lipolysis.
- Increases blood glucose levels.
Indirect effects mediated primarily by IGF-1:
- Promote the growth of long bones.
- Enlargement of bones in extremities (hands, feet, jaw, and nose) and visceral organs.

Growth Hormone Agonists and Antagonists

Agonists

Treatment of dwarfism.
Stimulation of growth in children with Turner's syndrome (a genetic disorder affecting growth).

Antagonists

Treatment of excess growth hormone.
Octreotide & Lanreotide (long-acting preparations): inhibit GH secretion.
Pegvisomant: blocks the GH receptor itself.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (Thyrotropin, TSH)

Stimulates the growth of the thyroid gland.
A rise in plasma thyroid hormone levels indicates abnormal pituitary function, while no rise indicates thyroid insufficiency.
Increased thyroid hormone levels after stimulation suggest a pituitary gland dysfunction (secondary hypothyroidism).

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Description

Explore the intricacies of growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH) and its effects on the body. This quiz covers the physiological impacts of growth hormone, differences between agonists and antagonists, and their clinical applications. Test your understanding of key concepts such as IGF-1 and related therapies.