Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What does growth refer to in the context of human development?
Which principle describes the sequence of growth from the head to the legs?
What does developmental differentiality indicate?
Which term describes the principle that growth and development follow a predictable pattern?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor is NOT considered a prenatal influence on growth and development?
Signup and view all the answers
The principle stating that development proceeds from simple concepts to more complex ones is known as?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect of growth and development does the term 'continuity' refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following factors does NOT influence growth and development?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the defining characteristic of viability in fetuses?
Signup and view all the answers
Which measurement is not typically used in assessing fetal size?
Signup and view all the answers
During which stage of prenatal growth does the embryo develop?
Signup and view all the answers
In postnatal growth, what age range defines the infancy period?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant cause of perinatal death?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key difference between growth and development?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following factors does not affect growth?
Signup and view all the answers
At what stage do children typically begin to experience early childhood?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of embryonic induction?
Signup and view all the answers
At what point does an embryo transition to being called a fetus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following occurs during the fetal period?
Signup and view all the answers
What measurements are commonly used to estimate fetal age?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of reaching approximately 2500 g in fetal development?
Signup and view all the answers
During which trimester can most major fetal anomalies be detected?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term is often confused with actual fetal age due to its association with the last normal menstrual period?
Signup and view all the answers
What characterizes periods of normal continuous growth during the fetal period?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of gastrulation in embryonic development?
Signup and view all the answers
Which embryonic layer develops into the skin and nervous tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
During which phase does the cleavage stage occur in embryonic development?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure forms from the morula in embryonic development?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in embryonic development?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following factors is NOT a postnatal factor influencing growth?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of cell layer is formed from the endoderm during embryonic development?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main activity occurring during the cleavage phase of embryonic development?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Growth and Development Definitions
- Growth is the increase in physical size of the full body or parts of the body.
- Growth is measurable, observable, and occurs via multiplication of cells from fertilization to physical maturity.
- Development is the increase in functional capacity of specialized tissues.
- Development can be measured by monitoring functional maturation of the nervous system.
- Development also reflects intellectual, mental, and emotional skill acquisition.
Principles of Growth and Development
- Cephalocaudal Direction: Growth starts at the head and progresses down the body.
- Proximodistal Direction: Growth begins from the center of the body and moves outwards.
- General to Specific: Simple skills develop into complex ones.
- Differentiality: There is no uniform pace of development, it varies based on factors such as sex.
- Predictability: Growth and development follow a predictable pattern.
- Simple to Complex: Development moves from basic skills to more advanced skills.
- Continuity: Growth and development are continuous throughout life.
Influencing Factors of Growth and Development
- Genetic Factors: Inheritance patterns, family traits, and race play a role.
- Prenatal Factors: Maternal nutritional status, infections, substance use, illness, and hormones affect fetal development.
- Postnatal Factors: Growth potential, nutrition, health status, physical environment, psychological environment, cultural influences, and socio-economic status all contribute.
Early Embryonic Development
- Cleavage: Rapid cell divisions (mitosis) after fertilization leading to a multicellular embryo.
- Morula: A solid ball of cells.
- Blastula: A single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled cavity (blastocoel).
Other Embryonic Developmental Phases
-
Gastrulation: Cells move inward and organize into three distinct layers:
- Ectoderm: Outer layer; differentiates into the skin and nervous tissue.
- Endoderm: Inner layer; differentiates into the lining of the digestive tract and associated organs.
- Mesoderm: Middle layer; differentiates into muscles, circulatory system, excretory system, and respiratory system in some animals.
Embryonic Induction
- Chemical signals from nearby cells induce differentiation of ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.
- These signals activate specific genes, leading to the development of specific tissues and organs.
Stages of Fetal Growth and Development
- Transition from embryo to fetus occurs when a recognizable human form is attained and major systems have formed.
- The fetal period is characterized by rapid body growth and tissue differentiation.
- Fetal age can be estimated using measurements like crown-rump length, head circumference, femur length, and foot length.
- Viability (ability to survive outside the womb) is dependent on fetal weight.
Stages of Growth
- Prenatal Period: Divided into three stages: fertilized ovum (zygote), embryo, and fetus.
- Postnatal Period: Divided into stages based on age: neonate, infancy, early childhood, late childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood.
Growth vs. Development
- Growth: Quantitative, measured by size and shape changes.
- Development: Qualitative, involves changes in cognitive, social, and emotional abilities.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the definitions and principles of growth and development, examining critical concepts such as cephalocaudal and proximodistal growth patterns. Understand the measurable indicators of both growth and development, and how they vary among individuals. Test your knowledge of how these principles apply to physical and functional maturation.
