Group II - The Alkaline Earth Metals
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Questions and Answers

What is the trend in solubility of group II hydroxides as you go down the group?

  • Solubility increases down the group (correct)
  • Solubility decreases down the group
  • Solubility is irregular down the group
  • Solubility remains the same down the group

    • What is the main use of magnesium hydroxide in medicine?

  • As a medical tracer to image internal tissues
  • As a test for sulfate ions
  • As a reactant to remove sulfur dioxide from factory pollutants
  • As an antacid to neutralise acids (correct)

    • What happens to barium sulfate when it enters the bloodstream?

  • It is absorbed and becomes toxic
  • It is not absorbed and remains safe (correct)
  • It is quickly eliminated from the body
  • It reacts with acids to form water

    • What is the purpose of barium sulfate in medical imaging?

    <p>To allow internal tissues and organs to be imaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend in solubility of group II sulfates as you go down the group?

    <p>Solubility decreases down the group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction between calcium oxide and sulfur dioxide used for?

    <p>To remove sulfur dioxide from factory pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between calcium oxide and sulfur dioxide?

    <p>Calcium sulfite and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of magnesium in the extraction of titanium?

    <p>To react with titanium chloride to form titanium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the Group II metals losing electrons when they react?

    <p>Formation of 2+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of additional electron shells on the atomic radius of Group II metals?

    <p>Increase in atomic radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased electron shielding on the reactivity of Group II metals?

    <p>Reactivity increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend in the first ionisation energy of Group II metals down the group?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the melting points of Group II elements decrease down the group?

    <p>The attractive forces between the ions decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between a Group II metal and water?

    <p>Metal hydroxide and hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of using steam instead of liquid water on the reaction between magnesium and water?

    <p>The reaction becomes faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appearance of the magnesium oxide formed in the reaction between magnesium and steam?

    <p>A white powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Group II - The Alkaline Earth Metals

    • Group II metals lose two electrons to form 2+ ions when they react, achieving a full outer shell.

    Atomic Radius

    • Atomic radius of Group II metals increases down the group due to additional electron shells.

    Reactivity

    • Increased electron shielding down the group makes outer electrons easier to lose.
    • Reactivity of Group II metals increases down the group.

    Ionisation Energy

    • First ionisation energy of Group II metals decreases down the group due to a greater atomic radius and increased shielding.

    Melting Point

    • Group II elements are metallic, meaning larger ions within the metallic structure have weaker attractive forces.
    • Melting points decrease down the group due to the attractive force having to act over a greater distance.

    Reactions with Water

    • Group II metals react with water in a redox reaction to produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen.
    • Metal hydroxide forms as an alkaline solution, hence the group being known as the alkali metals.
    • Magnesium reacts slowly with liquid water, but faster with steam, producing a bright white flame and forming hydrogen and magnesium oxide.

    Solubility of Hydroxides

    • Solubility of Group II hydroxides increases down the group, with magnesium hydroxide being the least soluble and barium hydroxide being the most soluble.
    • Magnesium hydroxide is used in medicine as an antacid and in agriculture to neutralise acidic soils.

    Solubility of Sulfates

    • Group II sulfates decrease in solubility down the group, with magnesium sulfate being the most soluble and barium sulfate being the least soluble.
    • Insolubility of barium sulfate makes it useful in medicine as barium meals, allowing internal tissues and organs to be imaged.
    • Barium sulfate is toxic if it enters the bloodstream, but its insolubility makes it safe to use in medicine.
    • Barium chloride is used as a test for sulfate ions, reacting to form barium sulfate, which forms a white precipitate when sulfate ions are present.

    Metal Extraction

    • Magnesium is used in the extraction of titanium from titanium chloride via a displacement reaction.

    Flue Gas Removal

    • Calcium oxide reacts with sulfur dioxide to remove it from factory pollutants and prevent its release into the atmosphere, forming calcium sulfite and water.

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    Related Documents

    AQA Chemistry A-level 3.2.2 Group II - The Alkaline Earth Metals Detailed Notes PDF

    Description

    Understanding the properties and reactivity of Group II metals, including atomic radius, ionisation energy and reactivity trends down the group.

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