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Questions and Answers
What is a common characteristic of Group 1 elements?
What is a common characteristic of Group 1 elements?
Which property of Group 1 elements makes them highly reactive?
Which property of Group 1 elements makes them highly reactive?
What type of solutions do alkali metal oxides form when dissolved in water?
What type of solutions do alkali metal oxides form when dissolved in water?
Which element reacts with water to form potassium hydroxide?
Which element reacts with water to form potassium hydroxide?
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Why do Group 1 elements easily lose an electron?
Why do Group 1 elements easily lose an electron?
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When Group 1 elements react rapidly with oxygen, what do they form?
When Group 1 elements react rapidly with oxygen, what do they form?
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Study Notes
Group 1 Elements
Group 1 elements, also known as alkali metals, are a group of chemically similar elements located in the first column of the periodic table. They are characterized by their low ionization energies, high reactivity, and the formation of monovalent ions when they lose an electron to achieve a stable electron configuration. The group consists of the elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr).
Properties
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Low Ionization Energy: Group 1 elements have the lowest ionization energies in the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen. This makes them highly reactive and easily lose an electron to achieve a stable electron configuration.
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High Reactivity: Due to their low ionization energies, Group 1 elements are highly reactive. They react with water to form hydroxides and with oxygen to form oxides.
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Formation of Monovalent Ions: When Group 1 elements lose an electron, they form monovalent ions. These ions can be represented as M+, where M represents the Group 1 element.
Reactions with Oxygen
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Combustion: Group 1 elements react rapidly with oxygen and form their respective oxides. All alkali metal oxides form basic solutions when dissolved in water.
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Reaction with Water: When Group 1 elements react with water, they form hydroxides. For example, potassium reacts with water to form potassium hydroxide (KOH).
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Reaction with Oxygen: Group 1 elements react with oxygen to form oxides, such as potassium oxide (K2O) from potassium.
Group 2 Elements
Group 2 elements, also known as alkaline earth metals, share similar properties with Group 1 elements but are slightly less reactive. They include beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).
Biological Roles
Group 1 elements play essential roles in various life processes. For example, lithium is used in some medications, and potassium is essential for nerve function and muscle contractions.
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Description
Explore the properties and reactions of Group 1 elements, also known as alkali metals, and Group 2 elements, also known as alkaline earth metals. Learn about their low ionization energies, high reactivity, formation of monovalent ions, reactions with oxygen and water, and their biological roles. Discover the differences between these two groups of elements.
