Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of alkali metals?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of alkali metals?
What is the general reaction of a Group 1 metal when it reacts with water?
What is the general reaction of a Group 1 metal when it reacts with water?
Which of the following Group 1 metals has the highest reactivity?
Which of the following Group 1 metals has the highest reactivity?
What explains the similarity in chemical properties among alkali metals?
What explains the similarity in chemical properties among alkali metals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about the position of alkali metals in the periodic table is correct?
Which statement about the position of alkali metals in the periodic table is correct?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs when a Group 1 element reacts?
What occurs when a Group 1 element reacts?
Signup and view all the answers
Why do Group 1 metals become more reactive as you go down the group?
Why do Group 1 metals become more reactive as you go down the group?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the formation of a Group 1 ion result in?
What does the formation of a Group 1 ion result in?
Signup and view all the answers
How many electrons are in the outer shell of Group 1 metals?
How many electrons are in the outer shell of Group 1 metals?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does increasing the number of electron shells have on Group 1 reactivity?
What effect does increasing the number of electron shells have on Group 1 reactivity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the observation when potassium reacts with water?
What is the observation when potassium reacts with water?
Signup and view all the answers
Which alkali metal produces the least vigorous reaction with water?
Which alkali metal produces the least vigorous reaction with water?
Signup and view all the answers
What is formed when sodium reacts with water?
What is formed when sodium reacts with water?
Signup and view all the answers
Which general statement about the hydroxides formed by alkali metals is true?
Which general statement about the hydroxides formed by alkali metals is true?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to the reactivity of alkali metals with oxygen as you go down the group?
What happens to the reactivity of alkali metals with oxygen as you go down the group?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common characteristic of the tarnish formed on alkali metals?
What is a common characteristic of the tarnish formed on alkali metals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following reactions produces a colorless aqueous solution?
Which of the following reactions produces a colorless aqueous solution?
Signup and view all the answers
In the reaction of alkali metals with water, which metal reacts most vigorously?
In the reaction of alkali metals with water, which metal reacts most vigorously?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the result of the reaction of lithium with oxygen?
What is the result of the reaction of lithium with oxygen?
Signup and view all the answers
Which alkali metal will primarily produce hydrogen gas when reacting with water?
Which alkali metal will primarily produce hydrogen gas when reacting with water?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens to the melting points of alkali metals as you move down Group 1?
What happens to the melting points of alkali metals as you move down Group 1?
Signup and view all the answers
Which alkali metal is predicted to be the most reactive?
Which alkali metal is predicted to be the most reactive?
Signup and view all the answers
What property of rubidium can be predicted based on its position in Group 1?
What property of rubidium can be predicted based on its position in Group 1?
Signup and view all the answers
How do the densities of alkali metals change as you move down Group 1?
How do the densities of alkali metals change as you move down Group 1?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about potassium oxide is correct?
Which of the following statements about potassium oxide is correct?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the general trend for the softness of alkali metals down the group?
What is the general trend for the softness of alkali metals down the group?
Signup and view all the answers
What describes the reactivity of rubidium compared to potassium?
What describes the reactivity of rubidium compared to potassium?
Signup and view all the answers
Why do alkali metals have low melting points compared to other metals?
Why do alkali metals have low melting points compared to other metals?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Group 1 (Alkali Metals)
- Alkali metals are lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and francium
- Found in the first column of the periodic table
- Share similar chemical properties due to having one electron in their outermost shell
- Soft metals, easily cut with a knife
- Low densities and melting points
- Highly reactive, needing to lose only one electron to become stable
Reaction with Water
- Reaction of Group 1 metals with water shows they are in the same chemical family
- General pattern: Group 1 metal + water → metal hydroxide + hydrogen
- The hydroxides formed are colourless, aqueous solutions
- Reactivity increases as you go down the group (e.g., lithium reacts more slowly than potassium)
Reactions with Oxygen
- Alkali metals react with oxygen in the air to form metal oxides
- Alkali metals tarnish when exposed to air
- Tarnish rate increases as you go down the group
Physical Trends
- Alkali metals are soft and easy to cut, becoming softer as you go down the group
- The first three alkali metals are less dense than water
- They have relatively low melting points, which decrease as you go down the group (due to decreasing attractive forces between outermost electrons and positive ions).
Predicting Properties in Group 1
- Rubidium, caesium, and francium are more reactive with air and water than the first three metals
- Lithium is the least reactive, francium is the most reactive in Group 1
- Rubidium is predicted to be a soft grey solid, appear shiny when cut, and be more dense than potassium and have a lower melting point than potassium.
Electronic Configuration and Reactivity
- Reactivity of Group 1 metals increases as you go down the group
- This is because, when a Group 1 element reacts, its atoms only need to lose one electron
- The outermost electron is further from the nucleus, meaning weaker forces of attraction
- Less energy is required to lose the outer-most electron, making the alkali metals more reactive down the group
- Group 1 elements all have one electron in their outer shell
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge of alkali metals including lithium, sodium, and potassium. This quiz covers their properties, reactions with water, and physical trends. Ideal for students learning about the periodic table and chemical families.
