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Gross Anatomy of the Heart and Pericardium Chapter Uno

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Gross Anatomy of the Heart and Pericardium Chapter Uno

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the pericardium?

To restrict excessive movements of the heart (correct)

To stop the contraction of the heart

To prevent blood flow to the heart

To increase excessive movements of the heart

What composes the double-walled sac around the heart?

A superficial fibrous pericardium and a deep two-layer serous pericardium (correct)

A superficial fibrous pericardium and a thick adipose layer

A single-layer serous pericardium

A superficial fibrous pericardium and a thick muscular layer

From which arteries does the pericardium receive its blood supply?

Carotid arteries

Pericardiacophrenic branches of the internal thoracic arteries (correct)

Coronary arteries

Pulmonary arteries

What separates the parietal layer from the visceral layer of the pericardium?

Fluid-filled pericardial space Signup and view all the answers

What is the venous drainage of the pericardium?

Tributaries that empty into the azygous system of veins Signup and view all the answers

Which nervous system branches supply the pericardium?

Vagus, phrenic, and sympathetic trunk Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the excess fluid between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium?

Pericardial effusion Signup and view all the answers

What can result from the rapid accumulation of as little as 200 mL of fluid in the pericardial space?

Cardiac tamponade Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pericardiocentesis?

Drainage of excess fluid from the pericardium Signup and view all the answers

Where is pericardial puncture usually carried out to avoid puncturing the internal thoracic artery?

Close to the medial or sternal end of the right 5th to 6th costal cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What results from perforation of either the heart or the intrapericardial great vessels?

Hemopericardium Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical feature of pericarditis?

Sharp central chest pain exacerbated by movement and lying down and relieved by sitting forward Signup and view all the answers

Where is the heart situated within the thoracic cavity?

Middle mediastinum Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a sufficiently large volume of pericardial effusion?

Reduction in ventricular filling Signup and view all the answers

What can develop slowly due to chronic pericardial effusions?

Cardiac enlargement Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of pericardial inflammation?

Infection (bacterial, viral, fungal and tuberculosis) Signup and view all the answers