Greening TVET: Concepts and Benefits

Lesson 1: The Concept of Greening TVET

• 'Greening' an institution modifies its awareness, behaviors, and activities to align with sustainability: economically, socially, and environmentally responsible practices.
• The greening process addresses all aspects of an organization's practices
• Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions can improve productivity in the workplace and community
• Greening a TVET institution involves making young people active members of the green economy, increasing well-being and social justice, and reducing environmental risks.
• Knowledge from TVET helps individuals contribute to a green economy and sustainable actions
• Greening TVET Institutions benefits workers, learners and society.
• Four groups gain from this transition: society, industry, TVET institutions, and learners/workers.

Benefits for Society

• Sustainable development needs cultural transition maintainable by employees with appropriate skills.
• National Green Growth Action Plan implementation concerning air and water pollution leads to improved living standards.
• Competent, well-trained workers with applied technologies implement the plan
• New jobs in the green economy require people be equipped with necessary skills.

Benefits for Industry

• Greening TVET strengthens industry and the economy through well-educated workers who recognize environmental demands
• Workers learn to act accurately and maintain workplace safety through vocational training, leading to strategic distance from workplace dangers and harms

Benefits for Learners/ Workers

• Incorporating green skills in training courses and green technology specializations improves graduates' work opportunities.
• Proper occupational actions and awareness reduce workplace mistakes and occupational hazards.
• Job satisfaction increases when teachers/superiors value learners' and workers' commitment to greening activities.

Benefits for TVET Institutions

• TVET institutions benefit from the greening process and strengthen reputation via eco-friendliness and improve performance.
• These can become strategic partners for sustainable development and become a source of inspriation to other industries to make changes to their own institutions.

Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in TVET Institutions

• Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) requires using the world's education and training system along with public awareness to implement sustainable development.
• Greening TVET contributes to transforming learning and training to address the need for sustainable development
• The United Nations motivates movement forward with ESD and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• The Global Action Programme (GAP) accelerates interventions in education and training and targets the TVET.
• According to Agenda 21, ESD includes: improving basic education, reorienting education for sustainable development, developing public understanding and awareness, and training to advance sustainability.
• Greening of TVET falls within the second and fourth spheres of activities to improve operational sustainability frameworks
• The aim is to ensure the sustainability standards implemented, resources utilized, and financial incentives/rewards generated.
• ESD is implemented in TVET Institutions via Five Approaches: greening campus, curriculum/training, research, community/workplace, and institutional culture.

Green Campus Practical Methods

• Install notices above light switches to reduce electricity consumption
• Avoid electricity-requiring decorations
• Use light colored curtains to reflect heat
• Shut doors and windows to optimize air conditioning systems
• Capitalize workspaces closer to windows for natural light

Green Curriculum Development

• Integrate green skills and environmental knowledge
• Capacity development of teachers and instructors
• Hands on studies on wastewater treatment equipment regulation
• Develop new courses focused on resource and renewable energy
• Enhance explorative learning by making appropriate equipment

Implementing Sustainable Research and Development

• Check the best technologies, equipment, and processes to enhance building energy efficiency for reduced energy usage
• Calculate and compare the costs and monetary impacts, for example, various lighting systems
• Improve human commitment and attitudes to conserve resources and promote a green culture
• Test and compare the functions of various solar systems

Green Community Involvement

• Offer formal and/or informal training on solar heater installation and biogas plant operation
• Provide supporting projects to address local issues and develop community projects: PV based lighting systems, improvement of water/wastewater management
• Offer sustainability awareness programs for local businesses

Embedding Green Culture

• Involve staff and students in the improvement process and encourage suggestions
• Initiate public relations activities
• Weekly cleaning of environments with the help of students.
• Plant trees to create greener spaces

Implementing ESD into TVET Institutions

• The greening process of TVET Institutions consists of several steps and including: establishing a ‘process manager', planning/developing a green policy and implementing green strategies
• Appoint process managers from TVET such as marketing experts, etc with skills such as understanding, enthusiasm, and communication
• A green committee will be set up including all stakeholders for decision making
• Implementation strategy identifies conditions, sets goals, and creates a roadmap. TVET organizations should incorporate Institutional Greening Plan (IGP) in a transparent, inclusive manner.
• Green strategies focuses developing an implementable set of plans. These policies help organization in resources

Monitoring and Assesing the Greening Process and Effors

• The reason for monitoring needs to be established, the scope of the necessary assessment needs to be clarified, and a monitoring system should be developed
• Useful assistance may be offered by tools for measuring and tracking the development. They can be tailored to meet the level of progress required to be tracked and the intended results to be accomplished

Process Improvement Planning and Renewal

• Identified problems in the planning and renewal of green stragies should be solved, the processes should be redesigned and the greening strategy should be made effective for all including studends and teachers.
• TVET institutes play a role as models for eco-friendliness, providing training, sustainability and innovation

Lesson 2: The Concept of Water, Sanitation and Health (WASH)

• The COVID-19 pandemic emphasizes the importance of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
• Frequent hand washing, physical distancing to prevent the spread of germs.
• 2.2 billion lack access to water, 4.2 billion lack sanitation services, making them vulnerable in times of epidemic disease (UNICEF and WHO, 2019).
• Sustainable access to safe water, sanitation, sustainable water management to address pollution and floods are challenges of the 21st century.
• Water is the lifeblood of ecosystems including lakes with depleting sources and agriculture accounting for 70% of freshwater withdrawals worldwide
• Agriculture is seen as an important source of water contamination
• Different Pathways of pollution sources and water resources from livestock
• Degration of ecosytems such as forests can lead to the spread of zoonic diseases
• Diseases such as avian influenza, and reminder of the animal/human/health interactions
• These concerns involve recognition that pose challenges to both life qualities, including food

Factors that impact biodiversity conservation

• Impacts protected/managed ecosystems
• Create increase stream which provide improvements

FAO's Water Management

• Resources include value of water and is the protection of human and ecosystem health
• Approaches to water management include cooperation of health and wellbeing of human and animals
• Global pandemic are showing solutions

Considerations Moving Foward

• Inlcude strategic planning for disasters
• Assess water and resources of Hotspots

Concerning Santitation

• Sanitation is the hygenic control of promoting health through waste

Seven types of Sanitation

• Basic sanitation service - Improved saftey for those not in shared areas
• Services with safe collection - Where human waste are transported
• Behavior change - Change in mainly rule people
• Safe disposal and no transportation.
• Ecodesign with closing loops - Minimizes renewable services
• Relief and dissaster support for displaced people

Objective of Sanitation

• Promote health to help improve the spread of disease
• Protect environment by removing dangerous material such as disease carrying wastes

Factors linking health, agriculture, and nutrition

• Politic reforms in agriculture for potential benefis to help reduce porverty.
• Farming for influence in the heatlh and poverty reductions
• Global health threats are emereging from the use of Hiv/aids in the world

Importance of health affecting agriculture

• Illness creates cost for absenteeism, creating reduces of labor for local and states

Supporting health through farming

• Including policies of fisheries to ensure healthy food
• Process foods with supply chain having the potential to create sustainablility

Lesson 3: Sustainable Land Preparation and Use

• Sustainable land preparation protects, preserves, and improves land fertility to enhance productivity.
• A wide range of agronomic, vegetative, management, and structural technologies and practices based on maintaining/enhancing productivity and protection while being economically viable and socially acceptable
• Sustainable Land Management applies to any ecosystem and land use type, with examples worldwide.
• Zero burning combines with good agricultural practices; shredding old trees and leaving the shredded materials to decompose naturally.
• Crop diversity refers to the addition of new crops or cropping systems to agricultural production

Implementing Sustainable Land Use

• Cover Crops and No Tillage methods help reduce erosion. soil, pests and disease control
• Planting trees
• Recycle products
• Adequate tools to reduce pressure on land
• Lady Bugs and Lacewings eat insects without biting
• Managin Grazing and livestock with appropriate timing density helps grassland and the soils
• Sustainabilty land use has a long term effect

Lesson 4: Agricultural Biodegradable Waste DIsposal (Plant Based)

• Agricultural waste is unwanted waste from agricultural activities including waste from farms, poultry houses.
• Biodegradable waste includes any organic matter broken down into carbon dioxide by micro-organisms through processes such as composting.
• Agricultural Biodegradable Waste is unwanted waste which is can decompose by micro-organisms
• Plant-based waste materials can be: fruit pomace, husks, seeds, vegetable peels, crop biomass, low-quality produces.

Sources of Agricultural Waste

• Animal production - Solid waste from production and livestock
• Food and Meat processings - Waste from slaughter houses used for production processing
• Crop solids - Production of solids waste include husks etc are used for producting solids waste.
• Medical solids - Waste from drugs, vaccines, or animals. for examaples, containers for medical supply
• Horticultral Production solids - Cultivation and landscape maintenance
• Industrial Solids - Processsing of wood.cuttings, and paper production
• Chemical Waste - From hericides and pesticides
• Kitched generated - Waste generated from what food is necessary
• Food Spoilage - from insects increasing waste

Factors that Impact Agricultural Solid Waste

• Farming Activities - Clearing land till harvest will lead to solid waste. Wastes may include the pen for animals, prepartation and animals
• Road network - transportation from networks to and from road may involve the result of wasted products
• rural electrification - With electrciity, a stable source to create energy can allow for cold storage facilities to cut down wastage
• Storage facilities - Lack of adequate monitor that leads to prevent spoilage

Influences on Health and Environment

• Floods - water may be blocked in the flow
• Pollution - Affects human life and environmental problems
• High human link with increased activities leading to increased solid waste
• Water being flown with high amounts of nutrients
• Climate change - The creation of gases that create decomposition

Management of solids waste

• Comopositing - can be used as feeds for sterilized enery and fertlizer
• Mushroom - substractes have to be grown seperately

Lesson 5: Agricultural Biodegradable Wastes Disposal - Animal Based

• Agricultural wastes include manure oil, pesticides and litter saw dust
• If biodegradable animal wastes are not disposed properly, there can be devastating effects on public and surrounding businesses
• These contain phosphorus and nitrogen, organic carbon and that can pollute the water
• All agricultural biodegradable animal wastes end up in the environment to lead pollution problems in the land
• Common methods of disposing of animal products involve: burning, dumping, and random filling

Animal Waste Disposal

• Involves water treatment and obtain cleaning products for irrigration
• The technique of animal management to apply for the land
• Raw wastes contain content, which may lead to offense and handlings
• Solar Heating, oil heating for convenience handing of animal waste products
• Methods of energy recover involve conversion, combustion, paralysis gas, ect

Heat Conversion

• Farm require energy for floor requiring therefore if effects for recyclying
• Biogas can be produced for energy but condition need to meet in fermentation

Other method on farms

• preparation of slaughter animals are blood and bones ready for prepares
• Adhesize of buttosn made buttons and hoofs

Lesson 6: Agricultural NOn-Biodegradable Waste Disposal

• Non-biodegradable waste cannot be dissolved acting as a source of pollution that remains on land
• Includes examples includes- plastic, metal, aliminum, tyre, points etc

Sources of non-biodegradable waste

• Includes primary contibutors of plastic and polymer waste but also includes utensil
• As a results of agricultural activity such as fertilizer such DDT that impacts land
• Activity during contruction such as fly ash
• Waste from hospital such as litter

Factors of non-biodegradable waste impacts

• During energy creating generates waste
• Plastic is households with industrial packaging and is the worse type of the wastes that dispruts ecosytems

Differences with biodegradable/non-biodegradable

• Degradation difference between fast and slow
• Is separated for useful reasons as is recycled, but at the same time expensive

Effects of non-bio waste impacts

• Improper disposal can lead to unhygenic conditions also causing water contamination
• Waste can last for long, causing serve environments
• Toxic substance can serious hairlines

Disposal of non-biodegradable waste

• Processes that includes recycling and material sorted out
• Recylcing plastic significants of the environment

Ways of protect

• Companies spend at least 3%

Education that provides to proper disposal

• Civic education
• Recycable
• scientific methods used at focus
• collection
• Committed to formed

Recycling and environment

• Recylcing reduce products that produce on land

Lesson 7: Recycling and Reuse of Agricultural Waste

• Agricultural waste involves any waste for agricultural operation
• Generated from livestock production
• Threat to the environments such air, water

Form of Ag Wasted

• Solid or liquid
• Medical waste, food processing, water production
• Involves pesticides

Recylcing

• Converting waste to more usable option that include raw material reduce

Reuse

• Using in material after what is in its current state

Waste reduction

• Reducing materials to reduce for more reusble options
• Help provide with bioeneryg
• The reuse and recycling of more saving resources

Lesson 8: Sustainable Care and maintenance of Agricultral tools and equipment

• Proper care for the tools and the equipment can lead to a long state of use
• The number one step is making sure tools are dry
• It is essential to keep metal parts also lubricated
• It is also important to keep your equipment sharpened
• The next stop is keeping your area cleansed
• It is important to check for wear to avoid costly repairs
• Scheduling mainntenance on equipment on a daily basis.
• It is also important to invest in training for the operations for what tools and equipment is available for use
• In the event of certain situations, make sure to consult the manual

Benefits of sustainable care

• Increase tools and equipment life scan
• Increase realisibility
• Inrpvoie reuse value
• Also prevent rusting parts
• It promotes high safety and reduces the cost

Lesson 9: Ethno-Veterinary medicine and Pesticides in Animal and Crop

• Animals and Crops as source of nutrients and carbrohydrates to a lcoal economy
• The herbal medicinal plant from predecessor
• Today products have balance in the market

Method use

• Seed used to help deworm
• Use to help animals to control parasites
• Used to hellp store mazie

benefits

-herbal products chemically balance to help

• Also reduces the need of allophathic and modern day medical products by saving funds
• Improving animal health

Lesson 10: Appropriate Use of Agro-Chemicals

• Used for plant growth hormones within the Agriculture process
• Safe to meet the use of a supply to reach in a safe state and used in inorganic
• Substances that improve the fertility of the soil that revises
• That help correct soild deficiency

soil and amendments

• Also break up compacted clay. Some components that are important for micro organisms such as bonemeal and sulfurum are
• Agricultural is commonly acidic. The process require pH be more appropriate for soil
• Used in the process such as limestone and fast line, fertilizer that are agented
• Growth factors are substances that help improve factors in the soil by using phytohormones.

Functions of Cytokinins

• Used to break bud to help improve hormones

Function Acetic Acid

• Used to stimulate the closing of the tomatoes.

Advantages of agrochemical

• Help prove food production
• Increasing production of yield

Negative effects

• Harm to the environment
• Development and destruction
• Allergier reactions and pollution

Lesson 11: Appropriate Use of Chemical in Food Preservation

• Preservatives include chemicals added to products to prevent spoilage. Preservation is implemented through chemical, physical, and biological methods
• Biological alternatives focus on natural methods or controlled microbiota/antimicrobials to avoid spoilage

Food Quality and production

• Food additives have been used to make and produce the best results in food.
• The four categories that affect: nutruents, preservatives, and sensory

Methods of improving

-Improve water

• Emusifier that balance
• Sweeteners
• Efforets

What help to reduce

• A number of compounds

Lesson 12: Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculature

• The student will able to demonstrate and have an understanding of biodiversity

Crop Production

• Crops production refers to a production to not promote to harm, biodiversity and that production
• Increasing the ability

Natural recources and agriculature

• Attaines with over 50%
• Use for fertilizer. Also add amounts the soil

Pests management

• The excessive of pesticides
• To maintain the number for crops