Green Algae Quiz: Biofuels and Reproduction

<p>Cells are interconnected by a strand of cytoplasm, enabling coordinated swimming. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhabit both freshwater and saltwater environments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can be found in both dry and wet environments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rocks absorb and retain moisture from snowmelt, providing a source of water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptomyces (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contribute to the weathering of the rocks, increasing their porosity and allowing for more water entry. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NADH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desulfovibrio (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygenic Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electron Transport Chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactate Dehydrogenase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethanol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To receive electrons and facilitate energy transfer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methanogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By reducing nitrate to nitrogen gas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactic Acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To capture and transfer light energy to reaction centers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactic Acid Fermentation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strain stability and byproduct generation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They require high salt concentrations for growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyanobacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Highly variable and prone to rapid mutations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fixing atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygenic photosynthetic cyanobacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer than Gram-negative bacteria. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthetic ability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteria contain peptidoglycan in their cell walls, while Archaea do not. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the target of many antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proterozoic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capturing light energy for photosynthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anoxygenic photosynthesis using sulfide as an electron donor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can live in one or more extreme conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reflects the evolutionary relationships between different life forms more accurately. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jack Hills Zircon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exponential Phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemically defined media has a known chemical composition, while complex media has an unknown chemical composition. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To divide the cytoplasm and genetic material into two daughter cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potassium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as a transporter of electrons to the electron transport chain. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetyl Coenzyme A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selective media (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To generate ATP from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enriched media (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 minutes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exponential phase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Number of generations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microaerophiles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cryptic growth is characterized by an increase in cell size but not cell number, while exponential growth is characterized by an increase in cell number. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selective media suppress the growth of some bacteria, while differential media distinguish between bacteria based on their metabolic properties. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protecting chlorophyll from photodamage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen is produced as a byproduct (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carries electrons between the reaction center and the quinone pool (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generating the proton gradient for ATP synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electrons cycle back to P870, preventing NADPH formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purple sulfur bacteria can only use hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor, while purple nonsulfur bacteria can use a variety of electron donors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FeS-type reaction center (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To overcome the insufficient reducing power of the electron donor in these organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Purple sulfur bacteria use a Q-type reaction center, while green sulfur bacteria use an FeS-type reaction center (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generating ATP for cellular processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (H2O) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electron donor cannot be oxidized to release oxygen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They capture and transfer light energy to chlorophyll (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The type of electron carrier used in the RC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide energy for the synthesis of ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The electron acceptor is a quinone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is responsible for reducing NAD+ to NADH. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Organisms like algae that grow inside rocks, thriving in dry environments.

Typically found in layers near rock surfaces in dry or cold climates like Antarctica.

Rocks absorb heat and retain moisture, aiding survival in harsh climates.

Conditions necessary for microbes to grow, including food, moisture, and suitable temperature.

Methods like binary fission, budding, and spore-formation for microbial reproduction.

A group of green algae that can be macroscopic or unicellular, found in freshwater and moist environments.

A colonial green algae that forms spherical colonies with interconnected flagellated cells for coordinated swimming.

The smallest known eukaryote and a unicellular marine phytoplankton, about 2 μm in diameter.

Colonial algae known for excreting hydrocarbons, making it a potential biofuel source.

Includes complex stages with both asexual and sexual reproduction.

A series of criteria to establish a causal relationship between a microbe and a disease.

The pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease and absent in healthy hosts.

The pathogen must be grown in pure culture away from the host.

A healthy animal infected with the cultured pathogen must develop the disease.

The pathogen must be isolated from the experimentally infected host and shown to match the original.

A microbiologist known for the enrichment culture technique and studying various microbes.

A time around 2.6 billion years ago when oxygen began accumulating in Earth's atmosphere.

Layered structures formed by microbial mats, providing evidence of early life.

Bacteria are diverse with varying metabolic pathways and structures.

Composed of peptidoglycan, differing in structure between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Bacteria with a thick peptidoglycan layer, stained purple.

Bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane, stained pink.

Microorganisms that thrive in extreme environments.

Last Universal Common Ancestor, believed to be the original living organism.

Organisms that do not require oxygen for growth.

The process where one cell splits to form two cells.

Phase of slow growth as microorganisms adapt to their environment.

Phase where cell population doubles at regular intervals.

No net increase or decrease in cell number.

Slow decrease in cell number after stationary phase.

Graph showing microbial growth phases over time.

Formula to calculate final bacterial population without initial count.

Energy production using oxygen, mainly in mitochondria.

Breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, generating ATP.

Process connecting glycolysis to Krebs cycle, producing Acetyl CoA.

Central part of cellular respiration, producing GTP or ATP.

Type of culture media that inhibits some microorganisms while allowing others to grow.

Culture media with extra nutrients for fastidious microorganisms.

Culture media with an unknown exact chemical composition.

Time taken for a population to double.

Accessory pigments that capture light energy for photosynthesis.

Proteins that capture light energy in algae and cyanobacteria.

Clusters of phycobiliproteins attached to thylakoid membranes in cyanobacteria.

Photosynthesis without oxygen production, using alternative electron donors.

Photosystem primarily involved in anoxygenic photosynthesis, captures longer wavelengths.

Substances like H2S and organic compounds used instead of water.

Special bacteriochlorophyll pair that absorbs light in anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Process where electrons cycle back to the reaction center to generate ATP.

Intermediate electron carrier that assists in electron transfer in anoxygenic systems.

Not produced because electrons cycle back to P870 instead of reducing NAD+.

Electron transport system in organisms like green sulfur bacteria, involves FeS.

Involves bacteriochlorophyll and donates electrons to quinones.

Involves electron transport creating a proton gradient that generates ATP.

Converts NAD+ or NADP+ to NADH or NADPH for biosynthesis.

Follows a pattern: electron donor to RC to NADPH, generating ATP.

Converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, linking glycolysis to the citric acid cycle.

Sequence of protein complexes that transfer electrons to generate ATP.

The force generated by a proton gradient across a membrane to drive ATP synthesis.

The process of reducing nitrates to nitrogen gas, returning nitrogen to the atmosphere.

Reduces sulfate ions to hydrogen sulfide in anaerobic environments.

Anaerobic metabolic process converting sugars into energy, alcohol, or acids.

Type of fermentation producing lactic acid from glucose during low energy conditions.

Conversion of glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide via yeast.

Process where organisms convert sunlight into chemical energy.

Green pigment that captures light energy for photosynthesis.

Protein-pigment complexes that convert light energy into chemical energy in photosynthesis.

Membrane structures in chloroplasts where light reactions occur in photosynthesis.

The conversion of inorganic carbon (CO2) into organic compounds by photosynthetic organisms.

Light-harvesting structures in some bacteria that capture light in low-light environments.