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Questions and Answers
What are the parts of the Oikos in ancient Greece?
What are the parts of the Oikos in ancient Greece?
Husband, wife, children, other family members, dependents, property animate and inanimate.
What is a Hymn?
What is a Hymn?
A song composed to praise and honor a deity.
When was the Homeric Hymn to Demeter composed?
When was the Homeric Hymn to Demeter composed?
650-550 BCE.
What was the Homeric Hymn to Demeter about?
What was the Homeric Hymn to Demeter about?
What is ethnography?
What is ethnography?
What was the takeaway from 'Juliet Boulay's Portrait of a Greek Mountain Village' about women?
What was the takeaway from 'Juliet Boulay's Portrait of a Greek Mountain Village' about women?
What is Physis?
What is Physis?
What is Nomos?
What is Nomos?
How do Physis and Nomos interact in a society?
How do Physis and Nomos interact in a society?
What were the four structuring factors of sexualized relationships in ancient Greece?
What were the four structuring factors of sexualized relationships in ancient Greece?
What were the three most strongly approved relationships in ancient Greece?
What were the three most strongly approved relationships in ancient Greece?
What is Paiderastia?
What is Paiderastia?
What is the role of Erastês?
What is the role of Erastês?
What is the role of Eromenos?
What is the role of Eromenos?
What does Kinaidos refer to?
What does Kinaidos refer to?
What was the significance of the relationship between Harmodios and Aristogeiton?
What was the significance of the relationship between Harmodios and Aristogeiton?
What was the significance of the Sacred Band of Thebes?
What was the significance of the Sacred Band of Thebes?
What is the up-down gesture?
What is the up-down gesture?
When did Socrates live and what did he do?
When did Socrates live and what did he do?
When did Plato live?
When did Plato live?
What are the three levels of complementarity?
What are the three levels of complementarity?
When did Heraclitus live and what did he do?
When did Heraclitus live and what did he do?
Who were the first three speakers in Plato's symposium and what did they discuss?
Who were the first three speakers in Plato's symposium and what did they discuss?
Who was the fourth speaker in Plato's symposium and what was his view?
Who was the fourth speaker in Plato's symposium and what was his view?
Who was the fifth speaker in Plato's symposium and what did he say?
Who was the fifth speaker in Plato's symposium and what did he say?
Who was the sixth speaker in Plato's symposium and what was his argument?
Who was the sixth speaker in Plato's symposium and what was his argument?
Who was the seventh speaker in Plato's symposium and what did he assert?
Who was the seventh speaker in Plato's symposium and what did he assert?
Did Romans underestimate women like Greeks did?
Did Romans underestimate women like Greeks did?
Who was the woman talked about in Laudatio Turiae and why was she important?
Who was the woman talked about in Laudatio Turiae and why was she important?
What were Vestal Virgins?
What were Vestal Virgins?
What does Pudicitia refer to?
What does Pudicitia refer to?
What is Impudica?
What is Impudica?
Who is Lucretia?
Who is Lucretia?
What does Luxuria represent?
What does Luxuria represent?
Who was Bacchus?
Who was Bacchus?
What was the Bacchus cult?
What was the Bacchus cult?
When did the Bacchus cult come to Rome?
When did the Bacchus cult come to Rome?
When was the Bacchus cult kicked out of Rome?
When was the Bacchus cult kicked out of Rome?
Did Romans believe in paederastia?
Did Romans believe in paederastia?
Did Romans see a major pedagogical/mentoring component in sexual activity?
Did Romans see a major pedagogical/mentoring component in sexual activity?
Did Romans place more emphasis on specific sex acts than Greeks?
Did Romans place more emphasis on specific sex acts than Greeks?
What was the hierarchy of orifices in Rome?
What was the hierarchy of orifices in Rome?
What does Futuere mean?
What does Futuere mean?
What does Fututor mean?
What does Fututor mean?
What does Futui mean?
What does Futui mean?
What does Femina/puella mean?
What does Femina/puella mean?
What does Cunnilinctor mean?
What does Cunnilinctor mean?
What does Pedicare mean?
What does Pedicare mean?
What does Pedicator/Pedico mean?
What does Pedicator/Pedico mean?
What does Pedicari mean?
What does Pedicari mean?
What does Pathica mean?
What does Pathica mean?
What does Cinaedus/pathicus mean?
What does Cinaedus/pathicus mean?
What does Irrumare mean?
What does Irrumare mean?
What does Irrumator mean?
What does Irrumator mean?
What does Irrumari/fellari mean?
What does Irrumari/fellari mean?
What does Fellatrix mean?
What does Fellatrix mean?
What does Fellator mean?
What does Fellator mean?
What were the three basic parts of a Standard Religious prayer in Ancient Greece/Rome?
What were the three basic parts of a Standard Religious prayer in Ancient Greece/Rome?
Was standard religious practice in ancient Greece/Rome concerned with a concept of the afterlife?
Was standard religious practice in ancient Greece/Rome concerned with a concept of the afterlife?
When was the only known human sacrifice committed?
When was the only known human sacrifice committed?
What were the differences between Mystery Cults and Standard Greco-Roman Religious Practices?
What were the differences between Mystery Cults and Standard Greco-Roman Religious Practices?
What are the Eleusinian Mysteries?
What are the Eleusinian Mysteries?
What is Mithraism?
What is Mithraism?
When was the Gospel of Mark written?
When was the Gospel of Mark written?
When was the Gospel of Matthew written?
When was the Gospel of Matthew written?
When was the Gospel of Luke written?
When was the Gospel of Luke written?
When was the Gospel of John written?
When was the Gospel of John written?
When were the Letters of Paul written?
When were the Letters of Paul written?
When was Jesus born?
When was Jesus born?
When did Jesus go to Jerusalem for Passover?
When did Jesus go to Jerusalem for Passover?
Who was the Roman Governor in Jesus' time?
Who was the Roman Governor in Jesus' time?
Who was the Jewish high priest in Jesus' time?
Who was the Jewish high priest in Jesus' time?
What does Superstitio refer to?
What does Superstitio refer to?
What does Religio refer to?
What does Religio refer to?
What does Koros mean?
What does Koros mean?
What does Hybris mean?
What does Hybris mean?
What does Atê mean?
What does Atê mean?
When did Solon live and what did he do?
When did Solon live and what did he do?
When did Solon enact reforms in Athens?
When did Solon enact reforms in Athens?
When did Herodotus live and what did he do?
When did Herodotus live and what did he do?
When did Plato live and what did he do?
When did Plato live and what did he do?
Study Notes
Parts of the Oikos in Ancient Greece
- Includes husband, wife, children, other family members, dependents, and property (both animate and inanimate)
Hymns in Ancient Greece
- Composed to praise and honor deities
- Served as preludes to recitation of epics
- Created for feasts, poetic contests, and festivals
- 33 hymns survive from ancient Greece
Homeric Hymn to Demeter
- Composed between 650-550 BCE
- Origin story explaining the seasons and the Mysteries of Eleusis
- Tells of Persephone's abduction by Hades and Demeter's search, which leads to seasonal change
Ethnography
- Involves detailed study and description of a community's customs
Gender Roles in Greek Mountain Villages
- Women held domestic authority despite lower social status compared to men
- "Oikos" signifies both household and women's work
Physis and Nomos
- Physis: Biological factors affecting behavior
- Nomos: Cultural factors affecting behavior
- The interaction suggests people often believe cultural behaviors are rooted in biology
Sexual Relationships in Ancient Greece
- Structuring factors include desire (eros), pregnancy, hierarchy, and mentoring
- Most approved relationships:
- Free adult male with free adolescent female (marriage)
- Free adult male with free adolescent male
- Free adult female with free adolescent female
Pederasty
- A homoerotic relationship between an adult male (Erastês) and an adolescent male (Eromenos)
Harmodios and Aristogeiton
- Celebrated as heroes of Athenian democracy through their pederastic relationship
Sacred Band of Thebes
- Elite military unit comprised of erastês and eromenos pairings, noted for their loyalty and combat effectiveness
Socrates and Plato
- Socrates (469-399 BCE), mentor to Plato (428-347 BCE), influenced philosophical thought
Plato's Symposium
- Various speakers offered perspectives on gender and eros:
- Phaedrus, Pausanias, and Eryximachus supported hierarchical views, deeming male-male eros as superior
- Aristophanes advocated for equality and complementarity between genders
- Agathon inverted traditional hierarchies, praising a feminized view of eros
- Socrates emphasized women as sources of wisdom
- Alcibiades portrayed Socrates as embodying both masculine and feminine traits
Roman Views on Women and Sexuality
- Romans did not underestimate women as Greeks did
- Legal and social differences showcased in the example of the woman in Laudatio Turiae, who fought for her exiled husband
Vestal Virgins
- Women chosen as children, required to maintain virginity until age 30
- Their purity (pudicitia) was seen as protective for Rome
Concepts of Modesty in Rome
- Pudicitia: Modesty and chastity considered ideal for women
- Impudica: Lack of chastity viewed negatively
- Lucretia represented ideal pudicitia through her tragic story
Bacchus and Roman Cults
- Bacchus (Roman version of Dionysus) had a cult involved in drinking and behavioral license, eventually banned in 186 BCE
Differences in Sexual Conduct Between Greeks and Romans
- Romans did not accept pederasty as a cultural norm and prioritized specific sex acts
- Hierarchy of sexual acts ranked vaginal intercourse highest, followed by anal and oral
Religious Practices in Ancient Greece and Rome
- Standard prayers included deity naming, justification for the prayer, and request
- Practices focused less on the afterlife compared to Mystery Cults, which promised a favorable afterlife and required initiation
Significant Dates and Figures
- Herodotus (480-425 BCE) chronicled Greek history and touched on themes of hybris and atê
- Solon (640-550 BCE), significant for his social reforms in Athens (590 BCE), discussed concepts of balance in human behavior (koros, hybris, atê)
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Description
Explore the intricate components of the Oikos in Ancient Greece, the significance of hymns, and the themes presented in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter. Delve into the ethnography of Greek mountain villages and uncover the influences of physis and nomos on behavior and gender roles. This quiz highlights the cultural and literary richness of ancient Greek society.