Greek Flood Myth: Deucalion and Pyrrha

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Questions and Answers

Deucalion and Pyrrha repopulate the Earth by:

  • Throwing stones that transform into people. (correct)
  • Praying to Zeus for new people.
  • Building a new ark to collect survivors.
  • Planting seeds that grow into humans.

What does the myth of Deucalion and Pyrrha explain the origins of?

  • The creation of Mount Parnassus.
  • The importance of ark-building.
  • The establishment of Themis as a goddess.
  • The lineage of the Greek people. (correct)

In one version of the Deucalion and Pyrrha myth, what does the goddess Themis instruct them to do?

  • Throw the bones of the 'anti-mother' over their shoulders. (correct)
  • Sacrifice animals to appease the gods.
  • Sail to a new, uninhabited land.
  • Build a temple in her honor.

What distinguishes Greek heroes from ordinary humans, according to the passage?

<p>Their divine parentage and exceptional abilities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the actions of heroes contribute to the development of civilization, according to the passage?

<p>By civilizing the world and making it habitable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is most representative of the transition from nature to culture, as depicted in the actions of the heroes?

<p>Slaying monstrous creatures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the passage characterize the moral nature of heroes like Ercole (Hercules)?

<p>Morally ambivalent, exhibiting both positive and negative traits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Arianna's thread in the myth of Theseus?

<p>It allows the hero to escape the Labyrinth after slaying the Minotaur. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the myth of Bellerophon reflect the heroic ideal?

<p>Through his courage and ability to tame mythical creatures and defeat monsters. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a commonality between the myths of Deucalion and Pyrrha, and Noah's Ark?

<p>They both depict a great flood sent by a deity to punish humanity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nei sacrifici rituali greci, quale aspetto sottolinea la consumazione di carne?

<p>La fragilità della condizione umana, obbligata a nutrirsi per vivere, e il contatto con le divinità attraverso l'aroma del sacrificio. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale caratteristica principale distingue i culti misterici dalla religione ufficiale greca?

<p>L'offerta di un'esperienza religiosa più intima e personale, con promesse di salvezza eterna attraverso riti di iniziazione segreti. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Come si differenziano gli dèi olimpici dal dio ebraico in relazione al destino, secondo il testo?

<p>Il dio ebraico dirige il mondo secondo un piano provvidenziale, mentre gli dèi olimpici conoscono il destino ma non lo governano, essendo vincolati ad esso. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cosa significa il termine greco 'moira' nel contesto del destino?

<p>La parte di fato assegnata a ogni individuo. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In che modo il mito di Orfeo si discosta dalla religione ufficiale greca?

<p>Si basa su testi scritti considerati fondamento della religione. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale delle seguenti affermazioni riflette meglio il ruolo del sacrificio nella religione greca?

<p>Un'offerta agli dei che permette ai fedeli di consumare carne, altrimenti proibito. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cosa implica l'affermazione che gli dei 'devono vigilare che nulla accada al di là del fatto'?

<p>Il destino è inflessibile e nemmeno gli dei possono modificarlo. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Come la religione greca influenza la vita comunitaria (pòlis)?

<p>È un fatto collettivo che interessa un gruppo, dal nucleo familiare all'intera comunità cittadina. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Qual è una promessa fondamentale dei culti misterici per i loro adepti?

<p>La sopravvivenza dell'anima dopo la morte e la salvezza eterna. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Quale esempio, tratto dal testo, illustra l'inflessibilità del destino?

<p>La Moira che impedisce a Ettore di rifugiarsi dentro le mura di Troia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

The Deluge of Deucalion

In Greek mythology, a great flood sent by Zeus that submerged the Earth for nine days and nights.

Deucalion and Pyrrha

The survivors of Zeus flood who repopulated the earth by throwing stones behind them.

Greek Heroes

In Greek mythology, figures born from a god and a mortal, less powerful than gods but mightier than men, and considered protectors.

Characteristics of a Greek Hero

Exceptional physique and spirit; warriors; civilizers; founders of cities; slayers of monsters.

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Heroes Crossing Nature & Culture

A stage where heroes transform the world into a civilized and habitable place.

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Perseus

Son of Zeus, who beheaded Medusa, who could turn people to stone with her gaze

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Heracles (Hercules)

Son of Zeus, completed twelve labors, including slaying the Hydra and capturing Cerberus (the hound of Hades).

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Theseus

Son of Aegeus, killed the Minotaur in the Labyrinth with Ariadne's help.

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Bellerophon

Tamed Pegasus and killed the Chimera.

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Ercole (Hercules)

Son of Zeus and Alcmene, known for strength, elements of positive and negative, and ambivalent moral standing.

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Religione Greca

Per i Greci, la religione era una pratica comunitaria, importante per il gruppo sociale piuttosto che per il singolo individuo.

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Sacrificio Greco

Il sacrificio era l'unico momento in cui i Greci consumavano carne, offrendo l'aroma agli dei e cibandosi del resto.

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Culti Misterici

Forme di religiosità personale che promettevano la salvezza dell'anima dopo la morte, accessibili tramite riti segreti di iniziazione.

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Misteri Eleusini

Culto misterico in onore di Demetra e Persefone, celebrati a Eleusi.

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Misteri Orfici

Culto misterico legato al cantore Orfeo, basato su testi scritti e sulla credenza nella sopravvivenza dopo la morte.

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Moira (Destino)

Concetto di destino ineluttabile; la 'parte assegnata' a ogni individuo, persino gli dei.

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Potere degli Dei vs. Destino

Anche se conoscono il destino, non possono cambiarlo, essendo vincolati a una forza superiore.

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Ignoranza del Destino

Nella tragedia, a volte nemmeno gli dei conoscono il destino, sottolineando l'imperscrutabilità del fato.

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Origine dell'Uomo (mito Greco)

Nella mitologia greca, l'uomo è già presente; nessun evento precede la sua esistenza.

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Le Età (Mitologia)

Periodi di tempo mitici che descrivono la condizione umana dall'età dell'oro fino all'età del ferro.

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Study Notes

Religious Rituals

  • Gods had to appear or drape themselves in fog to be seen
  • People could be struck with fury or compassion
  • A sacrificial ritual was the only way to relate to a superior being

Types of Rituals

  • Ritual Banquets (polis): Religious banquets were collective events to strengthen community spirit.
  • The consumption of meat was rare, but Greeks accepted this as a sacrifice to the gods.
  • The aroma from the burnt meat was for the gods, while the humans feasted on the rest.
  • Human and divine beings had limited shared experiences, so these moments were vital for living.

Mystery Cults

  • Mystery cults developed alongside official state religion.
  • They offered a more personal and intimate religious experience.
  • Initiation was a condition for discovering the truth and salvation.
  • Initiations offered hope for survival and eternal salvation
  • Notable cults celebrated in Eleusis honored Demeter and Persephone.
  • Orphic cults centered on the mythical singer Orpheus.
  • Orpheus supposedly wrote texts that addressed fate and life after death

Destiny

  • The Greek word for destiny, "moira", means "the part one is assigned".
  • Each person's destiny is a fixed part of life.
  • Individuals are subject to destiny and cannot alter it
  • The Olympian gods did not control destiny; they acknowledged it
  • Gods watched to ensure that destiny occurred as pre-ordained
  • Gods could postpone it but never ultimately block fate.
  • According to legend, Zeus tried to save his son Sarpedon during the Trojan War, but was forced to accept his death.

Examples of Destiny in Myths

  • Examples in poetry show gods knew of human destiny
  • Achilles knew he would die after killing Hector
  • The poems suggested the gods could obscure knowledge of the future

Prometheus Example

  • Prometheus was chained down for trying to change humanity's destiny
  • Zeus kept the knowledge of fate a secret from humans

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