Greek Colonization and Democracy

Study Notes

Greek Colonization

Greeks colonized areas near coasts for easier transport and trade.
Colonies were independent communities.
Metropolitan cities (mother cities) maintained cultural ties, maintaining traditions.

Greek Democracy

Magistrates: Carried out Assembly decisions. Key officials included strategus (army leaders).
Council (Bule): Composed of 600 citizens over 30 years old. Prepared issues for Assembly discussion.
Assembly (Ekklesia): All citizens over 20 participated. Made laws, declared war and peace.

Dark Age of Greece

Period of about 1200-800 BC. Collapse of Mycenaean civilization. Lack of written records during this time.

Stages of Ancient Greece

Minoan Civilization: 3rd millennium BCE, prominent in Aegean Sea. Known for trade and impressive palaces like Knossos.
Mycenaean Civilization: 1600-1400 BCE. Achaeans settled, built fortified cities like Mycenae and Tiryns. Initially agrarian and pastoral, later replaced Minoans in trade.
Dark Age: 1150-900 BCE.
Archaic Period: 900-490 BCE
Classical Period: 490-334 BCE
Hellenistic Period: 334-30 BCE

Greek Government Systems

Aristocracy: "Rule of the best." Sparta was an example.
Tyranny: Single person holding all power.
Democracy: Emerged through popular movements against aristocrats.

Greek Culture and Society

Hellenes: Greek-speaking peoples inhabiting the area. Included Balkan peninsula, Aegean and Ionian islands, Asia Minor, and western Mediterranean coasts. Shared language and religious beliefs, but not a unified empire due to geographical separation.
Social classes: Citizens, metics (non-citizens), women, and slaves.
Economic activities: Agriculture, trade (important), crafts, and manufacturing.

Greek Military

Spartan Military: Training started at age 7. Military service from age 20 to 60.

Persian Wars

Conflicts between Greek city-states and Persian Empire.

Peloponnesian War

Causes: Conflict between Athenian and Spartan supporters.
Consequences: Internal conflicts and weakening of Greek city-states.

Macedonian Empire

Philip II's conquest of Greece.
Alexander the Great's conquests: Expanded the empire into Persia, Mesopotamia, and Egypt.
Created vast empire across Asia.

Hellenism

Fusion of Greek and Eastern cultures.
Division of the Macedonian Empire among generals.

Greek Art and Literature

Architecture: Temples, sculptures.
Sculpture: Different periods had different styles (Archaic-Stiff, Classical-Naturalistic, Hellenistic-Emotional).
Literature: Tragedy and comedy, poetry.

Description

Este cuestionario explora a colonización grega, a estrutura da democracia grega e os períodos históricos como a Idade das ÁNXE. A colonización facilitou o comercio, mentres que a democracia permitiu a participación cidadá nas decisións. Descubre os detalles clave destes eventos fundamentais da historia grega.

Greek Colonization and Democracy

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Questions and Answers

Que consecuencia principal tivo a colonización grega?

Cal era o papel dos estrategus na democracia grega?

Que caracterizaba a época escura na antiga Grecia?

Como se define a aristocracia na antiga Grecia?

Como se formaba a Bule na democracia grega?

Que civilización se desenvolveu no terceiro milenio a.C. e dominou o comercio no mar Exeo?

Que tipo de sociedade caracterizaba a civilización micénica?

Que función política aumentou Pericles na Grecia antiga?

A que idade comezaban a adestrarse os espartanos?

Cal foi unha das causas principais da guerra do Peloponeso?

Que evento histórico seguiu á morte de Filipo II de Macedonia?

QuePeriodo se caracteriza pola fusión da cultura grega coa cultura oriental?

Que tipo de arte se destaca no período arcaico da escultura grega?