Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is gravitational force?
What is gravitational force?
What is the mathematical form of Newton's Law of Gravitation?
What is the mathematical form of Newton's Law of Gravitation?
What is the universal constant of gravitation?
What is the universal constant of gravitation?
What is the SI unit of the universal constant of gravitation?
What is the SI unit of the universal constant of gravitation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the vector form of Newton's Law of Gravitation?
What is the vector form of Newton's Law of Gravitation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the value of G in Nm²/kg²?
What is the value of G in Nm²/kg²?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the dimensions of G?
What are the dimensions of G?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the direction of the gravitational force between two particles?
What is the direction of the gravitational force between two particles?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the weight of a body of mass m on the surface of the Earth?
What is the weight of a body of mass m on the surface of the Earth?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the acceleration due to gravity at a height h above the Earth's surface?
What is the acceleration due to gravity at a height h above the Earth's surface?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Constituents of the Universe
- The universe consists of galaxies, stars, planets, comets, asteroids, and meteoroids, all bound together by gravitational force.
Gravitation
- Gravitation is a natural phenomenon where material objects attract each other.
- Sir Isaac Newton published Principia Mathematica in 1687, explaining the inverse-square law of gravitation.
Newton's Law of Gravitation
- Every particle of matter attracts every other particle with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of their separation.
- Mathematical form: F = Gm1m2/r^2, where F is the force of attraction, G is the universal constant of gravitation, m1 and m2 are the masses, and r is the distance between them.
Vector Form
- In vector form, Newton's law of gravitation is represented as: F21→ = -Gm1m2/r^2 r12^ and F12→ = Gm1m2/r^2 r12^, where r12^ is a unit vector drawn from particle m1 to particle m2.
Universal Constant of Gravitation
- The universal gravitation constant (G) is given by: G = Fr^2/m1m2.
- In SI units, G = 6.67 × 10^(-11) Nm^2/kg^2, and in CGS units, G = dynecm^2/g^2.
Dimensions of G
- The dimension of G is [M^(-1)L^3T^(-2)].
Notes
- The gravitational force is independent of the intervening medium.
- The gravitational force is a conservative force.
- The gravitational force between two particles acts along the line that connects them and is part of an action-reaction pair.
Variation in 'g'
- The acceleration due to gravity (g) at a height h above the Earth's surface is given by: gh = g * (R / (R + h))^2.
- The acceleration due to gravity at a very small height is given by: gh = g * (1 - 2h/R + h^2/R^2 ... ).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the constituents of the universe, including galaxies and celestial bodies, and delve into the concept of gravitation, including Newton's Law of Gravitation.
