Gravity and Its Effects
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Questions and Answers

What is the value of acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the moon?

  • 25 m/s2
  • 1.67 m/s2 (correct)
  • 9.8 m/s2
  • 9.83 m/s2

    • What happens to the acceleration due to gravity as the height above the Earth's surface increases?

  • It increases
  • It remains constant
  • It decreases (correct)
  • It becomes negative

    • According to Newton's law of gravitation, which equation correctly represents the force due to gravity acting on a mass at the surface of the Earth?

  • F = (G.M.m) / R2 (correct)
  • F = (G.M.m) / R
  • F = G(Mm) / R
  • F = mg

    • What does the value of g at the equator indicate?

    <p>The acceleration is 9.78 m/s2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the acceleration due to gravity?

    <p>It is influenced by the radius of the Earth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of gravity on the structure of buildings and bridges?

    <p>It allows them to be built easily (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of atmosphere relate to gravity?

    <p>Gravity prevents the atmosphere from escaping into space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between acceleration due to gravity and the radius of the Earth?

    <p>Inversely proportional to R2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Gravity

    The force of attraction between the Earth and any object on or near its surface.

    Acceleration due to gravity (g)

    The acceleration experienced by an object falling freely under the influence of gravity. Not dependent on the object's mass.

    g at the poles

    The value of 'g' at the Earth's poles, where it is stronger due to the planet's slightly flattened shape.

    g at the equator

    The value of 'g' at the Earth's equator, where it is slightly weaker due to the planet's bulge.

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    9.8 m/s²

    The rate at which the velocity of a freely falling object changes every second.

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    Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

    The force of gravity is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the objects involved and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.

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    g and height (H)

    An object placed at a certain height above the Earth's surface will experience a weaker gravitational pull, resulting in a lower 'g' value.

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    g at outer space, null points, and the center of the Earth

    The value of 'g' becomes zero at outer space, null points, and the center of the Earth.

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    Study Notes

    Gravity

    • Gravity is the force of attraction between any two objects with mass.
    • Earth's gravity pulls objects towards its center.
    • Mathematically: Force (F) = (Gravitational Constant (G) × Mass 1 (m1) × Mass 2 (m2)) / Distance² (d²)
    • For Earth's gravity on an object (m): F = (G × Mass of Earth (M) × m) / Radius of Earth (R)²

    Effects of Gravity

    • Enables movement (running, walking).
    • Supports structures (buildings, bridges).
    • Causes water flow (high to low).
    • Creates Earth's atmosphere.
    • Objects fall back to Earth after being thrown up.
    • Produces acceleration in falling objects (e.g., free fall).

    Acceleration due to Gravity (g)

    • Acceleration acting on a falling object due to gravity.

    • Value varies on Earth based on location:

      • Poles: 9.83 m/s²
      • Equator: 9.78 m/s²
      • Surface average: 9.8 m/s²
      • Moon: 1.67 m/s²
      • Jupiter: 25 m/s²

    • An acceleration of 9.8 m/s² on Earth means a freely falling object's speed increases by 9.8 meters per second every second.

    Dependence of 'g' on Mass & Radius

    • Acceleration due to gravity (g) is independent of the falling object's mass.
    • g is directly related to the mass of the planet (M) and inversely related to the square of its radius (R): g = (G × M) / R².

    Gravity with Altitude

    • Value of g decreases with increasing altitude above Earth's surface.
    • Formula for g at a height(H): g = (G × M) / (R + H)²

    Special Cases

    • g is zero at outer space , null point, and Earth's center.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental concept of gravity, its effects on movement, and how it supports structures. This quiz covers the mathematical principles behind gravitational force and variations of acceleration due to gravity on different celestial bodies.

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