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Questions and Answers
What causes an object to float in a fluid?
What causes an object to float in a fluid?
- The weight of the fluid it displaces (correct)
- The shape of the object
- Its volume
- The temperature of the fluid
How does Archimedes' principle apply to submarines?
How does Archimedes' principle apply to submarines?
- It makes them denser than water.
- It helps regulate their buoyancy as they dive and surface. (correct)
- It prevents them from ever sinking.
- It allows them to float at all times.
What is the relationship between pressure and area in the context of force application?
What is the relationship between pressure and area in the context of force application?
- Pressure increases as area decreases. (correct)
- Pressure decreases with increased area.
- Pressure increases as area increases.
- Pressure is independent of area.
Which of the following explains why heavier objects like iron sink in water?
Which of the following explains why heavier objects like iron sink in water?
How do wide structures like building foundations reduce pressure on soft surfaces?
How do wide structures like building foundations reduce pressure on soft surfaces?
What does the gravitational force depend on?
What does the gravitational force depend on?
What role does gravitational force play in celestial motion?
What role does gravitational force play in celestial motion?
How does the weight of an object change when moved from Earth to the Moon?
How does the weight of an object change when moved from Earth to the Moon?
Which phenomenon is NOT explained by the universal law of gravitation?
Which phenomenon is NOT explained by the universal law of gravitation?
What effect does altitude have on gravitational force?
What effect does altitude have on gravitational force?
Which statement about mass and weight is true?
Which statement about mass and weight is true?
What occurs during free fall?
What occurs during free fall?
Which of the following values represents the standard acceleration due to gravity near Earth’s surface?
Which of the following values represents the standard acceleration due to gravity near Earth’s surface?
Flashcards
Buoyancy
Buoyancy
The upward force a liquid or gas exerts on objects immersed in it.
Archimedes' Principle
Archimedes' Principle
The buoyant force on an object equals the weight of the fluid displaced.
Object floats
Object floats
An object floats if its density is less than the liquid's density.
Pressure
Pressure
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Pressure Formula
Pressure Formula
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Gravitational Force
Gravitational Force
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Newton's Law of Gravitation Equation
Newton's Law of Gravitation Equation
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Universal Gravitational Constant
Universal Gravitational Constant
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Weight
Weight
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Mass
Mass
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Free Fall
Free Fall
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Acceleration due to Gravity (Earth)
Acceleration due to Gravity (Earth)
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Orbital Motion
Orbital Motion
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Study Notes
Gravitational Force
- Gravitational force is an attractive force between any two objects in the universe.
- This force's strength is directly related to the product of the objects' masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- Formula: F = G * M * m / d^2, where G is the universal gravitational constant (6.67 x 10^-11 Nm²/kg²).
- This force influences celestial bodies like planets, moons, and stars.
Newton's Observations
- Newton observed Earth's gravitational pull on objects and recognized this same force controls the Moon's orbit.
- He reasoned that gravity acts as a centripetal force, preventing these bodies from traveling in straight lines.
- Newton's work led to the foundation of the universal law of gravitation.
Importance of Gravitation
- Gravity binds objects to the Earth.
- It dictates planetary and lunar movement around larger bodies.
- Gravity causes phenomena like tides, due to the Moon and Sun's gravitational pull on the Earth's oceans.
- The strength of gravity changes with altitude and location on Earth, being stronger at the poles.
Weight and Mass
- Mass is a measure of inertia and doesn't change based on location.
- Weight is the force of gravity on an object's mass (W = m * g).
- Weight varies with the acceleration due to gravity (g), which differs on Earth and other celestial bodies.
Free Fall
- Free fall occurs when objects fall under gravity's influence alone.
- The acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s²) is constant for all objects, regardless of mass (ignoring air resistance).
- Air resistance affects the rate of fall; differently shaped objects fall differently due to varying resistance, but fall at the same rate in a vacuum.
Buoyancy
- Buoyancy is the upward force a fluid exerts on submerged objects, allowing some objects to float and others to sink.
- An object floats if its density is less than the fluid's density, sinks if it's greater.
Archimedes' Principle
- Archimedes' principle: An immersed body experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.
- The principle plays a role in designing ships, submarines, and instruments like hydrometers and lactometers.
- Submerging objects in water causes them to feel lighter.
Pressure
- Pressure = Force/Area.
- Increased force on a smaller area results in higher pressure.
- Using sharp tools or wide structures to distribute weight onto a larger area reduces pressure.
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