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Questions and Answers
Which statement best defines a biome?
Which statement best defines a biome?
- A specific location with a unique set of geological features.
- A population of organisms that are able to interbreed freely in nature.
- A community of ecologically similar organisms in a distinct physical environment. (correct)
- The total number of different species found in a given geographical area.
What primarily dictates the type of plants that grow in a biome?
What primarily dictates the type of plants that grow in a biome?
- The types of animals present.
- The average wind speed in the region.
- The amount of photosynthesis that happens.
- The geology and soil composition of the environment. (correct)
The grassland biome features bison in America and wildebeest in Africa; they evolved in similar environmental conditions but are unrelated. What evolutionary process does this represent?
The grassland biome features bison in America and wildebeest in Africa; they evolved in similar environmental conditions but are unrelated. What evolutionary process does this represent?
- Convergent evolution. (correct)
- Co-evolution.
- Parallel evolution.
- Adaptive radiation.
Which environmental factor is least likely to be a key determinant of biome type?
Which environmental factor is least likely to be a key determinant of biome type?
How do global climate patterns influence the distribution of biomes?
How do global climate patterns influence the distribution of biomes?
At approximately what latitude are most desert biomes located, a result of descending dry air?
At approximately what latitude are most desert biomes located, a result of descending dry air?
Which of the following statements about tropical rainforests is not true?
Which of the following statements about tropical rainforests is not true?
Which of the following biomes is characterized by the presence of permafrost?
Which of the following biomes is characterized by the presence of permafrost?
Which biome is characterized by coniferous trees, poor and acidic soils, and long, severe winters?
Which biome is characterized by coniferous trees, poor and acidic soils, and long, severe winters?
Which of the following characterizes temperate grasslands?
Which of the following characterizes temperate grasslands?
In a Walter climate diagram, what does it indicate if the temperature line exceeds the precipitation line?
In a Walter climate diagram, what does it indicate if the temperature line exceeds the precipitation line?
How can you determine from a Walter climate diagram whether the location is in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere?
How can you determine from a Walter climate diagram whether the location is in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere?
What do tropical rainforests, monsoon forests, and temperate rainforests share in common?
What do tropical rainforests, monsoon forests, and temperate rainforests share in common?
If a Walter climate diagram shows a white zone between the temperature and precipitation lines, what does this indicate?
If a Walter climate diagram shows a white zone between the temperature and precipitation lines, what does this indicate?
Which biome is best described by year-round warm temperatures, high humidity, and abundant rainfall?
Which biome is best described by year-round warm temperatures, high humidity, and abundant rainfall?
What key factor allows evergreen trees to thrive in boreal forests despite the short growing season and poor soils?
What key factor allows evergreen trees to thrive in boreal forests despite the short growing season and poor soils?
Which of the following adaptations would you expect to find in animals living in the tundra biome?
Which of the following adaptations would you expect to find in animals living in the tundra biome?
How does disturbance play a role in maintaining temperate grassland ecosystems?
How does disturbance play a role in maintaining temperate grassland ecosystems?
Elephants affect the balance of trees and grasses in a tropical savanna. How does overpopulation of elephants alter the landscape?
Elephants affect the balance of trees and grasses in a tropical savanna. How does overpopulation of elephants alter the landscape?
Which of the following scenarios would most likely lead to a temperate grassland transitioning into a temperate forest?
Which of the following scenarios would most likely lead to a temperate grassland transitioning into a temperate forest?
What is a common adaptation of plants in desert biomes?
What is a common adaptation of plants in desert biomes?
If an animal is described as having adaptations to cold climates, such as a thick fur and fat layers, which biome would it most likely inhabit?
If an animal is described as having adaptations to cold climates, such as a thick fur and fat layers, which biome would it most likely inhabit?
Which of the following best describes the climate conditions in a boreal forest (taiga)?
Which of the following best describes the climate conditions in a boreal forest (taiga)?
Why are soils in the boreal forest typically poor and acidic?
Why are soils in the boreal forest typically poor and acidic?
Why do tropical rainforests contain the highest species diversity of any terrestrial biome?
Why do tropical rainforests contain the highest species diversity of any terrestrial biome?
Imagine a location with consistently high temperatures, distinct wet and dry seasons, and a mix of trees and grasses. Which biome is this?
Imagine a location with consistently high temperatures, distinct wet and dry seasons, and a mix of trees and grasses. Which biome is this?
Which of the following statements describes how large-scale climate patterns affect biome distribution?
Which of the following statements describes how large-scale climate patterns affect biome distribution?
Which of the following best describes temperate biomes?
Which of the following best describes temperate biomes?
Which of the following biomes is dominated by grasses and experiences hot summers and cold winters?
Which of the following biomes is dominated by grasses and experiences hot summers and cold winters?
Which biome is typically found at 30 degrees North and South latitude and characterized by dryness, cold nights and hot days?
Which biome is typically found at 30 degrees North and South latitude and characterized by dryness, cold nights and hot days?
Which environmental factor is most critical for structuring plant communities in the savanna?
Which environmental factor is most critical for structuring plant communities in the savanna?
Why are most plants in the tundra found low to the ground and possess adaptations such as lichens and mosses?
Why are most plants in the tundra found low to the ground and possess adaptations such as lichens and mosses?
Which adaptation is least likely to result from the challenges of a desert biome?
Which adaptation is least likely to result from the challenges of a desert biome?
How would a biome with a Walter climate diagram showing high temperatures, distinct alternating periods of very high and very low rainfall, but almost zero variation in temperature over a year be described?
How would a biome with a Walter climate diagram showing high temperatures, distinct alternating periods of very high and very low rainfall, but almost zero variation in temperature over a year be described?
Which of the following statements correctly compares and contrasts temperate and tropical rain forests?
Which of the following statements correctly compares and contrasts temperate and tropical rain forests?
How is the structure of plant life in the Taiga biome defined?
How is the structure of plant life in the Taiga biome defined?
If a climatologist observes that a biome is on a path to desertification due to a change in large-scale precipitation patterns, what other climate factors will change?
If a climatologist observes that a biome is on a path to desertification due to a change in large-scale precipitation patterns, what other climate factors will change?
Despite Canada and portions of Russia being largely uninhabitable long-term by humans, they represent the largest terrestrial biome. Why?
Despite Canada and portions of Russia being largely uninhabitable long-term by humans, they represent the largest terrestrial biome. Why?
Which of the following is the most accurate and complete definition of a biome?
Which of the following is the most accurate and complete definition of a biome?
Besides climate, which of the following physical factors are key in determining a biome's characteristics?
Besides climate, which of the following physical factors are key in determining a biome's characteristics?
How do Hadley cells primarily influence biome distribution around the equator?
How do Hadley cells primarily influence biome distribution around the equator?
In a Walter climate diagram, what does the area between the temperature and precipitation lines typically represent?
In a Walter climate diagram, what does the area between the temperature and precipitation lines typically represent?
If a location exhibits consistently high temperatures and high precipitation throughout the year, which biome is most likely?
If a location exhibits consistently high temperatures and high precipitation throughout the year, which biome is most likely?
A Walter climate diagram shows a location with precipitation peaking in January and temperature peaking in July. Which hemisphere is this location most likely in?
A Walter climate diagram shows a location with precipitation peaking in January and temperature peaking in July. Which hemisphere is this location most likely in?
Which set of temperature and rainfall conditions is most conducive to the formation of a temperate grassland?
Which set of temperature and rainfall conditions is most conducive to the formation of a temperate grassland?
What adaptation would you LEAST expect to find in an animal inhabiting the tundra biome?
What adaptation would you LEAST expect to find in an animal inhabiting the tundra biome?
In the context of biome distribution, what is the primary significance of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)?
In the context of biome distribution, what is the primary significance of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)?
Consider two locations: Location A is situated at sea level, while Location B is at a high altitude on a mountain in the same latitude. All else being equal, how might you expect their biomes to differ, and what explains this difference?
Consider two locations: Location A is situated at sea level, while Location B is at a high altitude on a mountain in the same latitude. All else being equal, how might you expect their biomes to differ, and what explains this difference?
Flashcards
What is a biome?
What is a biome?
A distinct physical environment inhabited by ecologically similar organisms with similar adaptations.
Grassland Biome Example
Grassland Biome Example
Similar forms and adaptations among biomes, arising from convergent evolution.
What determines a biome?
What determines a biome?
The environment and natural or human disturbances (fire/grazing).
Climate factors of a biome
Climate factors of a biome
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Climate patterns affect biomes
Climate patterns affect biomes
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Walter climate diagram
Walter climate diagram
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Water limitation on Walter Diagrams
Water limitation on Walter Diagrams
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Diagrams in Northern Hemisphere
Diagrams in Northern Hemisphere
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Biomes determined by
Biomes determined by
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Tropical Biomes
Tropical Biomes
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Temperate Biome
Temperate Biome
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Boreal (Taiga) Biome
Boreal (Taiga) Biome
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Tundra Biome
Tundra Biome
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Study Notes
- A biome is a distinct physical environment inhabited by ecologically similar organisms with similar adaptations
- Biomes are usually characterized by the dominant type of vegetation
Grassland Biome
- Grassland biomes show similar forms and adaptations that arise from convergent evolution
- Areas with similar climates have similar looking plants and animals, unrelated organisms evolve similar traits or behaviors
- Bison in America and wildebeest in Africa are not related, but evolved similar body types based on their grassland biomes
- The grassland environment selects for a similar set of traits in both bison and wildebeest, despite separate evolutionary histories
Factors Determining Biomes
- Physical environment, soils (or substrate), and disturbance (natural or human-induced, like fire or grazing) determine a biome
- The type of soils present influences which plants can grow
- Disturbance is important for structuring plant communities and the resulting biomes
- Climate and variability, including temperature, precipitation, and seasonality, also determine biomes
Global Climate Patterns
- Global climate patterns are distinctly linked to biomes
- Large tropical forests exist at the equator, and big boreal forests at 60 degrees north
- Rising air from Ferrell cells at 60 degrees results in high rainfall
- Deserts are at 30 degrees where dry, cold air descends from Hadley cells
- Tropical rainforests are at the equator due to consistent rainfall from Hadley cells
Key Drivers of Biomes
- Temperature and precipitation are the major drivers, determining climate patterns
- The Hadley cells and ITCZ influence the distribution of biomes, which can be graphed based on temperature and precipitation
Biome Temperature and Precipitation Patterns
- Tropical biomes have year-round warm temperatures, high humidity, and abundant rainfall
- Temperate biomes experience four distinct seasons with moderate temperatures and precipitation
- Boreal (Taiga) biomes are dominated by coniferous forests in cold, dry climates with long, harsh winters and short, cool summers
- Tundra biomes are characterized by permanently frozen subsoil (permafrost), cold temperatures, and low-growing vegetation, found in arctic and alpine areas
Walter Climate Diagrams
- Examine Walter climate diagrams
- Ecosystems are water-limited if the temperature line exceeds the precipitation line on the diagram
- Diagrams from the Northern Hemisphere start in January, while those from the Southern Hemisphere start in July
- The white zone on the diagram denotes frozen conditions, inhospitable for life on the diagrams
- Orange indicates the temperature, blue indicates the water precipitation level in mms
Biome Characteristics
Tropical Rainforest
- Characterized by high rainfall, is warm year-round, with not much seasonal variation
- Has the most species of any terrestrial biome, contributing to efforts to conserve Amazon and similar rainforest areas
Deserts
- Can be hot or cold, but have low and sporadic precipitation
- Temperature doesn't fluctuate too much
- Plants are thorny and adapted to conserve water with fleshy stems and leaves
- Smaller animals are common because, they hide from the sun by digging or burrowing underground
Tundra
- Has severe winters and almost no trees because of little rain fall
- Most plants grow close to the ground, such as cushion plants, lichens, and mosses
- The three types are: Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine
- There is short growing seasons, very cold severe winters, permafrost, which is vegetation = lichens, moss, heath
- Animals adapt with thick coats which helps them survive
Boreal Forest (Taiga)
- Has severe winters, lots of precipitation falls as snow in winter, and poor soils
- Conifers trees are abundant
- Evergreen trees is due to soils that are poor and the growing season that is short, it is inexpensive, dropping leaves
Temperate Forest
- Has a distinct winter with frost and snow and moist summers
- The soils are fertile
Grassland/Shrubland
- It is similar to temperate forests, except there is less precipitation
- There is hot summers and cold winters
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