Graphing Logarithmic Functions

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Questions and Answers

For the function $f(x) = \log_b(ax + c) + d$, what transformation does the 'd' value represent?

  • Horizontal shift
  • Horizontal stretch
  • Vertical shift (correct)
  • Vertical stretch

The domain of a logarithmic function $f(x) = \log_b(x)$ includes all real numbers.

False (B)

Describe how the graph of $y = \log_2(x)$ is transformed to obtain the graph of $y = \log_2(x - 3) + 2$.

The graph is shifted 3 units to the right and 2 units up.

The vertical asymptote of the function $f(x) = \log_b(x - h)$ is $x = $ ______.

<p>h</p>
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Match each logarithmic function transformation with its corresponding effect on the graph:

<p>$f(x) + k$ = Vertical shift by $k$ $f(x - h)$ = Horizontal shift by $h$ $-f(x)$ = Reflection over the x-axis $f(-x)$ = Reflection over the y-axis</p>
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Which of the following describes the range of a logarithmic function of the form $f(x) = \log_b(x)$, where $b > 0$ and $b \neq 1$?

<p>All real numbers. (C)</p>
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The graph of $y = -\log_2(x)$ is a reflection of the graph $y = \log_2(x)$ across the y-axis.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the vertical asymptote of the function $f(x) = \log(x + 5)$?

<p>$x = -5$</p>
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The domain of the function $f(x) = \log_2(x - 4)$ is $x >$ ______.

<p>4</p>
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Match the logarithmic function with its corresponding vertical asymptote:

<p>$f(x) = \log(x - 2)$ = $x = 2$ $f(x) = \log(x + 3)$ = $x = -3$ $f(x) = \log(2x - 4)$ = $x = 2$ $f(x) = \log(3x + 6)$ = $x = -2$</p>
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How does the graph of $f(x) = \log_2(4x)$ compare to the graph of $f(x) = \log_2(x)$?

<p>Shifted vertically up by 2 units. (A)</p>
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If $f(x) = \log_b(x)$ and $g(x) = b^x$, then $f(g(x)) = x$ for all real numbers x.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Describe the end behavior of the function $f(x) = \log_2(x)$ as $x$ approaches infinity.

<p>As $x$ approaches infinity, $f(x)$ also approaches infinity, but at a decreasing rate.</p>
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The function $f(x) = \log_5(x)$ is ______ over its entire domain.

<p>increasing</p>
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Match each logarithmic function with its corresponding transformation compared to the parent function $y = \log_2(x)$:

<p>$y = \log_2(x) + 3$ = Vertical shift up 3 units $y = \log_2(x - 5)$ = Horizontal shift right 5 units $y = 2\log_2(x)$ = Vertical stretch by a factor of 2 $y = \log_2(-x)$ = Reflection across the y-axis</p>
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What is the effect of changing the base from 2 to 10 in a logarithmic function, such as comparing $f(x) = \log_2(x)$ to $g(x) = \log_{10}(x)$?

<p>The graph is stretched or compressed. (A)</p>
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The graph of $y = \log_b(x)$ always passes through the point (0, 1) for any base $b > 0$ and $b \neq 1$.

<p>False (B)</p>
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For $f(x) = \log_3(x)$, find the value of $x$ when $f(x) = 2$.

<p>$x = 9$</p>
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The range of the function $f(x) = \log(x^2 + 1)$ is $y \geq$ ______.

<p>0</p>
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Match each function with its corresponding description:

<p>$f(x) = \log_2(x + 4)$ = Logarithmic function shifted left 4 units $f(x) = -\log_2(x)$ = Reflection of logarithmic function over the x-axis $f(x) = \log_2(x) - 2$ = Logarithmic function shifted down 2 units $f(x) = \log_2(3x)$ = Horizontal compression of logarithmic function</p>
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Flashcards

What is the domain of a function?

The set of all possible input values (x-values) for which the function is defined.

What is the range of a function?

The set of all possible output values (y-values) that the function can produce.

What is a logarithmic function?

A function of the form f(x) = log_b(x), where b is the base and x is the argument.

What is a vertical asymptote?

The vertical line x = c where the function approaches infinity or negative infinity.

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What is a Horizontal Translation?

A transformation that shifts the graph horizontally by adding or subtracting a constant from the input (x).

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What is a Vertical Translation?

A transformation that shifts the graph vertically by adding or subtracting a constant from the output (f(x)).

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What is Horizontal Stretch/Compression?

A transformation that stretches or compresses the graph horizontally.

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What is Vertical Stretch/Compression?

A transformation that stretches or compresses the graph vertically.

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What is the 'base' in logarithmic functions?

The base of the logarithm. It determines the rate of growth/decay of the function.

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What is the argument of a log?

The argument of the logarithm, which is the value being evaluated by the logarithmic function.

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Study Notes

  • Graphing logarithmic functions involves identifying the domain and range, then sketching the graph.

Function 1: f(x) = logâ‚‚(3x + 1) + 5

  • Domain: x > -â…“
  • Range: All real numbers

Function 2: f(x) = logâ‚…(4x + 7) + 4

  • Domain: x > -7/4
  • Range: All real numbers

Function 3: f(x) = log₃(3x - 4) - 2

  • Domain: x > 4/3
  • Range: All real numbers

Function 4: f(x) = logâ‚‚(2x + 2) + 5

  • Domain: x > -1
  • Range: All real numbers

Function 5: f(x) = log₆(4x - 2) - 4

  • Domain: x > ½
  • Range: All real numbers

Function 6: f(x) = log(4x + 15) - 5

  • Domain: x > -15/4
  • Range: All real numbers

Function 7: f(x) = logâ‚…(3x + 14)

  • Domain: x > -14/3
  • Range: All real numbers

Function 8: f(x) = logâ‚„(3x + 12) - 3

  • Domain: x > -4
  • Range: All real numbers

Function 9: f(x) = logâ‚‚(2x + 8) + 5

  • Domain: x > -4
  • Range: All real numbers

Function 10: f(x) = log₃(3x - 1) - 5

  • Domain: x > â…“
  • Range: All real numbers

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