Granulopoiesis: The Formation of Granulocytes
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Granulopoiesis: The Formation of Granulocytes

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Questions and Answers

What is the first committed erythroid progenitor called?

  • Basophilic Erythroblast
  • Normoblast
  • Proerythroblast (correct)
  • Polychromatic Erythroblast

    • Which feature distinguishes proerythroblasts from granulopoietic cells?

  • Condensed nuclei
  • Cytoplasm with high granularity
  • Low hemoglobin levels (correct)
  • Presence of visible granules

    • What is the significance of ribosomes in basophilic erythroblasts?

  • They contribute to the color of the RBCs
  • They form the nucleus of the cell
  • They indicate a later stage of erythropoiesis
  • They are involved in hemoglobin synthesis (correct)

    • What is a key characteristic of polychromatic erythroblasts?

    <p>High levels of hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage does the nucleus begin to condense?

    <p>Basophilic Erythroblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can erythropoietic cells be distinguished from granulopoietic cells?

    <p>Absence of visible granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process begins during the proerythroblast stage?

    <p>Hemoglobin synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a significant characteristic of erythropoietic cells throughout their development?

    <p>They do not contain granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a polychromatic erythroblast?

    <p>Equal levels of RNA and hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage is the nucleus at its smallest size before being extruded?

    <p>Orthochromatic erythroblast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the cytoplasm as erythroblasts mature?

    <p>It becomes relatively smaller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is a hallmark of the orthochromatic erythroblast?

    <p>Predominantly eosinophilic staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the shift from basophilic to eosinophilic staining in erythroblasts?

    <p>Decreased RNA levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what stage does hemoglobin synthesis significantly intensify?

    <p>Polychromatic erythroblast stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the changes in the nucleus of erythroblasts as they mature?

    <p>It condenses and prepares for extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which staining characteristics would you expect in a young erythroblast?

    <p>Basophilic due to high RNA content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinguishing feature of a myelocyte?

    <p>Predominance of secondary granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a metamyelocyte?

    <p>Nucleus that resembles a horseshoe shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)?

    <p>Stimulates the growth of granulocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which stage does the nucleus become fully indented, resembling that of a band neutrophil?

    <p>Metamyelocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What morphological change occurs in the band neutrophil stage?

    <p>Nucleus becomes horseshoe-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stages of granulocyte development involve mitotic divisions?

    <p>Promyelocyte and myelocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which granulocyte is characterized by having a multilobed nucleus?

    <p>Mature segmented neutrophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of granules are predominant in myelocytes?

    <p>Specific granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the cytoplasm as one progresses from promyelocyte to metamyelocyte?

    <p>Cytoplasm becomes more abundant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is NOT involved in the regulation of granulopoiesis?

    <p>Erythropoietin (EPO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Granulopoiesis

    • Granulocytes are white blood cells that contain granules in their cytoplasm
    • Granulopoiesis is the process of granulocyte formation

    Myeloblast

    • First committed granulocyte progenitor
    • Does not have any granules
    • Large and has a round nucleus

    Promyelocyte

    • Contains primary granules (azurophilic granules)
    • These granules contain lysosomal enzymes and other proteins involved in phagocytosis
    • Undergoes mitotic divisions to replenish itself and other granulocyte precursors

    Myelocyte

    • Contains secondary granules (specific granules)
    • Secondary granules determine the granulocyte subtype (neutrophil, eosinophil, or basophil)
    • The nucleus undergoes morphological changes and becomes indented

    Metamyelocyte

    • Nucleus becomes more indented, resembling a horseshoe shape
    • Cytoplasm becomes more abundant and replete with secondary granules, becoming predominant

    Band Neutrophil

    • Nucleus becomes fully horseshoe-shaped
    • Cytoplasm contains numerous secondary granules
    • Ready to enter the bloodstream

    Mature Segmented Neutrophil

    • Fully developed neutrophil with a multilobed nucleus
    • Contains abundant granules for phagocytosis
    • Circulates in the bloodstream for a few days before entering tissues to fight infections

    Erythropoietic Cells

    • Do not have granules
    • Have a round nucleus
    • Can be distinguished based on their size, condensation of the nucleus, and cytoplasm color

    Proerythroblast

    • Also known as pronormoblast
    • First committed erythroid progenitor
    • Large, nucleated cell with abundant cytoplasm
    • Undergoes mitotic divisions to produce more erythroid progenitors
    • Contains basophilic cytoplasm
    • Begins hemoglobin synthesis

    Basophilic Erythroblast

    • Also known as basophilic normoblast
    • Intensely basophilic because of ribosomes
    • Synthesizes hemoglobin
    • Nucleus starts to condense
    • Continues to undergo mitotic divisions to replenish RBC precursor cells

    Polychromatic Erythroblast

    • When the level of RNA and hemoglobin are almost equal
    • Mixed red and blue staining showing both hemoglobin and ribosomes
    • Nucleus becomes smaller
    • Begins to expel organelles
    • Hemoglobin synthesis has intensified

    Orthochromatic Erythroblast

    • Contains a condensed pyknotic nucleus at its smallest size
    • Primarily stains red because of abundant hemoglobin
    • Last stage with a nucleus
    • Continues to expel organelles
    • Intensified hemoglobin synthesis

    Stages of Erythroblast Development

    • Cells are larger when they are younger
    • Cytoplasm becomes relatively smaller as they become more mature
    • Cells are predominantly basophilic because of the abundance of RNA when they are young
    • Basophilic character disappears and is replaced by eosinophilic character attributed to the abundance of hemoglobin as cells produce more hemoglobin.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the stages of granulopoiesis, the process of forming granulocytes, which are vital white blood cells. You'll learn about the different cell types involved, including myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, and more, their characteristics, and their roles in the immune system.

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