Granulomatous Disease Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of cells are predominant in granulomatous disease?

  • Neutrophils
  • Lymphocytes
  • Macrophages (correct)
  • Eosinophils

    • What are the possible causes of granulomatous disease?

  • Microbial agents
  • Autoimmune disease
  • Foreign bodies
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Which pathogen is not associated with granulomatous disease?

  • Histoplasma capsulatum
  • Mycobacterium spp.
  • Rhodococcus equi
  • Candida albicans (correct)

    • What is the mechanism of injury for Rhodococcus equi in granulomatous disease?

    <p>Lysis of the cell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene allows Rhodococcus equi to survive in macrophages?

    <p>vapA gene (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical cellular response in the pyogranulomatous form of granulomatous disease?

    <p>Neutrophil activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do foals acquire Rhodococcus equi infection?

    <p>Inhalation of the bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main manifestation of Rhodococcus equi infection in foals?

    <p>Bronchopneumonia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen is associated with Johne's Disease?

    <p>Mycobacterium spp. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of Johne's Disease?

    <p>Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria causes chronic enteritis in cattle, specifically in the ileum?

    <p>Mycobacterium bovis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria is responsible for causing tuberculosis in cattle?

    <p>Mycobacterium bovis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria is associated with the disease known as wooden tongue?

    <p>Actinobacillus lignieresii (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria causes the zoonotic disease known as glanders?

    <p>Burkholderia mallei (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria can cause epididymitis, placentitis, and dyscospondylitis in animals?

    <p>Brucella spp. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria can cause inflammation in the mammary gland and pregnant uterus in sheep and goats?

    <p>Brucella spp. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria requires a high level of iron in the tissue macrophages for growth?

    <p>Mycobacterium spp (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria is eradicated in most regions but still present in some parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East?

    <p>Burkholderia mallei (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria can cause pyogranulomas in the mucosa of the nasal tubinates, lung, and hair skin?

    <p>Actinobacillus lignieresii (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria can be transmitted by contact with infected tissues, secretions, or excretions such as milk, urine, fetal tissues, and placenta?

    <p>Brucella spp. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of dimorphic fungi?

    <p>They exist in two forms: yeasts and branched filamentous pseudohyphal or hyphal forms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of superficial mycoses?

    <p>They are usually localized and superficial but have the potential to cause systemic disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus?

    <p>They are usually localized and superficial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Aspergillosis?

    <p>Glucan, melanin, and gliotoxin are important virulence factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Cryptococcosis?

    <p>The capsule and melanin are important virulence factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Histoplasmosis?

    <p>It is a primary pulmonary disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common form of pathogenesis for dimorphic fungi?

    <p>Formation of granulomatous inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of melanin in Cryptococcosis?

    <p>It is a powerful antioxidant and inhibits phagolysosome, increasing the survival of the fungus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glucan in Aspergillosis?

    <p>It blocks the killing mechanisms in neutrophils and macrophages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the predominant cells in granulomatous disease?

    <p>Macrophages, epithelioid macrophages (activated macrophages), multinucleated giant cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible causes of granulomatous disease?

    <p>Microbial agents, autoimmune disease, foreign bodies, other idiopathic conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria causes pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia in foals?

    <p>Rhodococcus equi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of injury for Rhodococcus equi in granulomatous disease?

    <p>Lysis of the cell, acidification of the phagolysosome, inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion, proliferation in macrophages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical cellular response in the pyogranulomatous form of granulomatous disease?

    <p>Strong cellular cytokine response by interferon gamma to activate macrophages and abundant neutrophils.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of Johne's Disease?

    <p>Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two forms of dimorphic fungi in their life cycle?

    <p>Yeasts and branched filamentous pseudohyphal or hyphal forms (moulds)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of mycoses caused by Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus?

    <p>Superficial mycoses and systemic, deep mycoses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the important virulence factors in aspergillosis?

    <p>Glucan, melanin, and gliotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virulence factors are important in cryptococcosis?

    <p>Capsule and melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary form of histoplasmosis and how is it acquired?

    <p>Primary pulmonary disease, acquired by inhaling microconidia from the soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the protective mechanisms of dimorphic fungi during the parasitic phase?

    <p>Complexity, incomplete degradation, and rapid granulomatous formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules in aspergillosis block killing mechanisms in neutrophils and macrophages?

    <p>Glucan, melanin, and gliotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the virulence factors in cryptococcosis that prevent phagocytosis and inhibit phagolysosome?

    <p>Capsule and melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathogenic process of tuberculosis?

    <p>The pathogenic process of tuberculosis requires the mycobacterium to be able to survive within the macrophages combined with a T cell immune-mediated response. This produces a high level of IFN-Y which can induce either induce mycobacterium killing or activate TNF cytokines leading to granuloma formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>The virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis include cord factor, Lipoarabinomannan (LAM), and ESAT-6.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of Wooden Tongue?

    <p>The causative agent of Wooden Tongue is Actinobacillus lignieresii.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of Actinobacillus lignieresii?

    <p>Actinobacillus lignieresii is an aerobic, non-motile, non-spore forming, gram-negative coccobacilli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the causative agent of Glanders?

    <p>The causative agent of Glanders is Burkholderia mallei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of Burkholderia mallei?

    <p>Burkholderia mallei is a non-motile, non-spore forming, weakly gram-negative bacillus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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