Questions and Answers
What is the half-life of eosinophils in peripheral blood serum (PBS)?
Which type of cell is characterized as the largest in peripheral blood serum?
What type of immunity do mast cells play a role in?
Which granulocyte has a nuclear structure that is typically bilobed?
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What characteristic feature distinguishes basophils from other leukocytes?
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Which leukocyte is known for its secretory function involving Vitamin B12?
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In which cell type is the nucleus described as having a fine, lacey chromatin pattern?
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Which cell is primarily involved in allergic and parasitic infections?
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What is the developmental stage immediately following the myeloblast in the granulocytic series?
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Which characteristic distinguishes the myelocyte from the myeloblast?
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What is the typical size range of a neutrophil?
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Which cell in the granulocytic series has the largest NC ratio?
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What feature is observed in the nucleus of a band/stab cell?
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What type of granules are predominant in the promyelocyte stage?
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What denotes the youngest stage in the granulocytic series?
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Which type of white blood cell is primarily responsible for adaptive immunity?
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Study Notes
Granulocytic Series
- Myelocytes are the youngest stage in the granulocytic series.
- Most white blood cells (WBCs) originate from the common myeloid progenitor (CMP).
- Phagocytes include granulocytic cells and monocytes, primarily involved in innate immunity.
- Immunocytes, or lymphocytes, are responsible for adaptive immunity through antibody production.
Myeloblast
- Earliest precursor in the granulocytic series.
- Size: 14-20 µm, located predominantly in the bone marrow.
- Cytoplasm is small, smooth, and lacks granules.
- Nucleus is round/oval, occupying ⅘ of the cell, with a nuclear-cytoplasmic (NC) ratio of 1:1, and contains coarse chromatin with 0 nucleoli.
- Last stage capable of cell division.
Metamyelocyte
- Size: 10-15 µm, with a decreased NC ratio and reduced nonspecific granules.
- Increased specific granule presence.
- Nucleus presents coarse chromatin, often kidney-shaped with indentation.
Promyelocyte
- Size: 16-25 µm, characterized by a pale blue to basophilic cytoplasm rich in azurophilic granules.
- Nucleus occupies more than half of the cell with an NC ratio of 3:1 to 2:1 and contains 2-3 nucleoli.
Band/Stab Neutrophils
- Distinguished by having 2 to 5 lobes connected by thin filaments.
- Elongated shape with coarse, clumped chromatin.
- Circulating neutrophils represent a pool of both circulating and marginated types.
Neutrophils
- Size: 9-15 µm, known as polymorphonuclear cells (PMN).
- Most abundant type of WBC, with a half-life of about 7 hours.
- Cytoplasm is pink-rose violet due to specific granules.
Agranulocytic Series
- Includes monocytes which develop from the lineage CMP -> Monoblast -> Promonocyte -> Monocyte.
- Monoblast size: 12-20 µm, with moderately basophilic cytoplasm and non-granular appearance.
Eosinophils
- Size: 9-15 µm, characterized by reddish-orange granules.
- Nucleus typically has two lobes, with a half-life in circulating blood of 18 hours.
- Important in allergic responses and parasitic infections; acts as antigen-presenting cells (APC).
Basophils
- The least abundant type of WBC, with slightly pink to colorless cytoplasm.
- Contains purple-blue/black granules, which are water-soluble.
- Functions in inflammation and allergic reactions by secreting histamine and heparin.
Mast Cells
- Found in tissues, relative to basophils, and important in inflammation.
- Not classified as WBC.
- Nucleus is round or kidney-shaped with fine, lacey chromatin.
Monocyte
- Largest WBC type in peripheral blood, approximately 15-20 µm.
- Has a lifespan of around 30 hours in circulation.
- Notable for its blue-gray cytoplasm and irregular outline due to pseudopods.
Macrophage
- Derived from monocytes present in tissues, size around 40-50 µm.
- Contains an oval nucleus with reticulated chromatin.
- Important for humoral immunity through antibody production and interaction with antigens.
T Lymphocytes
- Comprise 60-80% of lymphocytes.
- Maturity occurs in the thymus.
- Key functions include forming specific effector cells that participate in delayed hypersensitivity and tumor suppression.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the granulocytic series and myelocyte stages. This quiz covers the development of white blood cells, their types, and functions in the immune system. Assess your understanding of phagocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes.
