Grammatica: Phrases e Clauses

Phrases v. Clauses

Phrases are groups of words that do not have a subject and verb.
Clauses are groups of words that have a subject and verb.

Sentences

Simple Sentence: A sentence with only one independent clause.
Compound Sentence: A sentence with two or more independent clauses.
Complex Sentence: A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
Compound-Complex Sentence: A sentence with two or more independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
Independent Clause: A group of words that can stand alone as a sentence.
Dependent Clause: A group of words that cannot stand alone as a sentence.

Parts of Speech

Noun: A word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
- Common Noun: A general name for a person, place, thing, or idea.
- Proper Noun: The specific name of a person, place, or thing.
- Compound Noun: A noun made up of two or more words.
- Collective Noun: A noun that names a group of people, animals, or things.
- Concrete Noun: A noun that can be touched or seen.
- Abstract Noun: A noun that can't be touched or seen, but can be experienced.
- Singular Noun: A noun that refers to one person, place, thing, or idea.
- Plural Noun: A noun that refers to more than one person, place, thing, or idea.
- Irregular Noun: A noun that does not form its plural by adding -s or -es.
Pronoun: A word that takes the place of a noun or noun phrase.
- Personal Pronoun: A pronoun that refers to a specific person, place, thing, or idea.
- Demonstrative Pronoun: A pronoun that points out a specific person, place, thing, or idea.
- Indefinite Pronoun: A pronoun that refers to an unspecified person, place, thing, or idea.
- Relative Pronoun: A pronoun that connects a dependent clause to an independent clause.
- Interrogative Pronoun: A pronoun that asks a question.
- Reflexive Pronoun: A pronoun that refers back to the subject of the sentence.
Verb: A word that shows action or a state of being.
- Helping Verb: A verb that helps another verb to express tense or voice.
- Action Verb: A verb that shows an action.
- Linking Verb: A verb that connects the subject of a sentence to a noun or adjective.
- Verb Phrase: A group of words that function as a verb.
Adjective: A word that describes a noun or pronoun.
- Articles: The words "a," "an," and "the."
- Adjective Questions: What kind? Which one? How many? How much?
Adverb: A word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
- Adverb Questions: When? Where? How? Why? To what extent?
Preposition: A word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence.
- Prepositional Phrase: A group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun.
Conjunction: A word that joins together words, phrases, or clauses.
- Coordinating Conjunction: A conjunction that joins together words, phrases, or clauses of equal rank.
- Subordinating Conjunction: A conjunction that joins a dependent clause to an independent clause.
- Correlative Conjunction: A conjunction that joins together pairs of words, phrases, or clauses.
Interjection: A word that expresses emotion.
Subjects: The noun or pronoun that performs the action of the verb.
- Simple Subject: The main noun or pronoun in the subject.
- Complete Subject: The simple subject plus all of its modifiers.
Predicates: The part of the sentence that tells what the subject does or is.
- Simple Predicate: The main verb in the predicate.
- Complete Predicate: The simple predicate plus all of its modifiers.
Sentences: A group of words that expresses a complete thought.
- Declarative Sentence: A sentence that makes a statement.
- Interrogative Sentence: A sentence that asks a question.
- Imperative Sentence: A sentence that gives a command or makes a request.
- Exclamatory Sentence: A sentence that expresses strong emotion.
- End-punctuation: The punctuation mark used at the end of a sentence.
- Fragment: A group of words that does not express a complete thought.
- Run-on: A sentence that contains too many independent clauses.
- Compound Subject: A subject that is made up of two or more nouns or pronouns.
- Compound Predicate: A predicate that is made up of two or more verbs.
- Dangling Modifier: A modifier that does not clearly refer to the word or phrase it is supposed to modify.
- Misplaced Modifier: A modifier that is placed in a sentence so that it modifies the wrong word or phrase.

### Sententias

Un sententia simple es un sententia con un subjecto e un predicato.
Un sententia composte es un sententia con duo o plus clausulas independente.
Un sententia complexe es un sententia con un clausula independente e un o plus clausulas dependente.
Un sententia composte-complexe es un sententia con duo o plus clausulas independente e un o plus clausulas dependente.
Un clausula independente es un clausula que pote star sol.
Un clausula dependente (subordinata) es un clausula que non pote star sol.
Un subjecto simple es le parola o gruppo de parolas que describe le persona o le cosa que face o es le action in un sententia.
Un subjecto complete es le subjecto simple plus tote le parolas que describe le subjecto simple.
Un predicato simple es le parola o gruppo de parolas que describe le action o le stato del subjecto.
Un predicato complete es le predicato simple plus tote le parolas que complete le predicato simple.
Un sententia declarative es un sententia que affirma un facto.
Un sententia interrogative es un sententia que face un question.
Un sententia imperative es un sententia que da un commando o instruction.
Un sententia exclamatory es un sententia que exprime forte emotion.
Le punctuation de fin (Puncto, Punto de exclamation, Punto de interrogation) es usate al fin de un sententia.
Un fragmento es un gruppo de parolas que non forma un sententia complete.
Un sententia continuante es un sententia que non ha le punctuation correcte inter duo o plus clausulas independente.
Un subjecto composite es un subjecto que consiste de duo o plus elementos que juncte tra un conjunction coordinative.
Un predicato composite es un predicato que consiste de duo o plus elementos que juncte tra un conjunction coordinative.
Un modificator pendente es un frase participativa que non ha un parola a que se referer.
Un modificator in un loco errate es un frase que non es locate correctemente in un sententia.
Un phrase es un gruppo de parolas que manca un subjecto o un predicato.
Un clausula es un gruppo de parolas que ha un subjecto e un predicato.

### Parte de Parola (8)

Un substantivo es un parola que nomina un persona, un loco, un cosa, o un idea.
Un substantivo commun es un substantivo que nomina un cosa general.
Un substantivo proprie es un substantivo que nomina un persona, un loco, o un cosa specific.
Un substantivo composite es un substantivo que es formate de duo o plus parolas.
Un substantivo collective es un substantivo que nomina un gruppo de personas o cosas.
Un substantivo concrete es un substantivo que pote esser toccate.
Un substantivo abstract es un substantivo que non pote esser toccate.
Un substantivo singular es un substantivo que se referer a un solo persona o cosa.
Un substantivo plural es un substantivo que se referer a duo o plus personas o cosas.
Un substantivo irregular es un substantivo que non forma le plural secundo le regulas regular.
Un pronomine es un parola que substitui un substantivo o un grupo de parolas.
Un pronomine personal es un pronomine que se referer a specific personas o cosas.
Un pronomine demonstrative es un pronomine que se referer a cosas que es immediate.
Un pronomine indefinite es un pronomine que se referer a un persona o cosa non specific.
Un pronomine relative es un pronomine que conjuncta un clausula dependente a un clausula independente.
Un pronomine interrogative es un pronomine que es usate in questions.
Un pronomine reflexive es un pronomine que se referer al subjecto del sententia.
Un preposition es un parola que mostra le relation inter un substantivo o un pronomine e un altere parola in le sententia.
Un frase prepositional es un gruppo de parolas que contine un preposition, un substantivo o pronomine, e frequentemente altere parolas.
Un adjectivo es un parola que describe un substantivo o un pronomine.
Un articulo es un adjectivo que specifica le substantivo.
Le questiones de adjectivos es: qual, que, qual
Un adverbio es un parola que modifica un verbo, un adjectivo, o un altere adverbio.
Le questiones de adverbios es: ubi, quando, como, quante.
Un verbo es un parola que indica action o stato.
Un verbo auxiliar es un verbo que assiste un verbo principal.
Un verbo de action es un verbo que indica un action concrete.
Un verbo de ligamine es un verbo que connecte le subjecto del sententia a un adjectivo o substantivo.
Un frase verbal es un gruppo de parolas que contine un verbo e altere parolas.
Un conjunction es un parola que connecte parolas, frases, o clausulas.
Un conjunction coordinative es un conjunction que connecte elementos de equal rango.
Un conjunction subordinative es un conjunction que connecte un clausula dependente a un clausula independente.
Un conjunction correlative es un conjunction que connecte elementos de equal rango e que es usate in pares.
Un interjection es un parola que exprime un emotion e que es solmente usate como un clama.