Grammar: Sentences and Nouns

Sentences

• A sentence is a complete thought that includes a subject and a predicate.
• Subject: Typically the noun or pronoun that performs the action or is described.
• Predicate: The part of the sentence that tells something about the subject, usually containing a verb.

Subject and Predicate

• A simple subject is the main noun or pronoun in a sentence.
• The complete predicate includes the verb and all the words that tell more about the action or state of being.

Nouns

• Nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas.
• They can be classified into different categories based on various properties.

Nouns: Number

• Nouns can be singular (one) or plural (more than one).
• Plural nouns often have an 's' or 'es' added to the singular form.

Nouns: Gender

• Nouns can have grammatical gender: masculine, feminine, or neuter.
• Masculine examples include "boy" and "man"; feminine includes "girl" and "woman"; neuter includes "table" and "book."

Nouns: Case

• Nouns change form based on their role in a sentence, known as case.
• There are several types of cases: nominative (subject), accusative (object), genitive (possession), and dative (indirect object).

Adjectives

• Adjectives are words that modify or describe nouns or pronouns.
• They provide information regarding qualities, quantities, and states.

Adjectives: Degrees of Comparison

• Adjectives have three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, and superlative.
• Positive describes a quality (e.g., "fast"), comparative compares two entities (e.g., "faster"), and superlative indicates the highest degree among three or more (e.g., "fastest").

Articles

• Articles are words used with nouns to specify their grammatical definiteness.
• "The" is a definite article, referring to a specific noun, while "a" and "an" are indefinite articles, referring to a non-specific noun.