40 Questions
When talking about two things, which of the following words is used?
Each
Which word is used instead of 'any' when there are only two objects?
Either
What does 'any' mean in the sentence 'You can paint the wall any color you like'?
It doesn't matter which color
Which word can replace 'all' and 'every' in positive sentences?
Any
What is the difference between 'any' and 'every'?
'Any' means 'it doesn't matter which', 'every' means 'all'
When is 'every' more commonly used with time expressions?
When talking about frequency
What is the opposite of 'with' in a situation of conflict or competition?
Against
What does 'each' mean in the sentence 'I have an earring in each ear'?
One earring in each ear
What is the difference between 'anyone' and 'everyone'?
'Anyone' means anyone, 'everyone' means all people
What does 'with' mean in the sentence 'A fruit cake is made with fruit'?
Ingredient or material
What is the function of a restrictive modifier?
To specify the meaning of a noun
What do the modifiers 'who live next door' and 'history' do to the nouns they modify?
Specify the meaning of the nouns
What is the difference between 'out of' and 'of' in the context of materials?
'Out of' is used for the material of the whole thing, while 'of' is used for an ingredient
What is the function of a non-restrictive modifier?
To provide additional information about a noun
What is the meaning of 'made from' in the sentence 'Most paper is made from wood-pulp'?
Derived from
What is the opposite of 'for' in a context of support?
Against
What is the function of 'be to + infinitive' in expressing future meaning?
To signify an arrangement for the future
What is the difference between 'When will you visit us again?' and 'When will you be visiting us again?'
The first sentence is about intention, the second is about prediction
What is the function of 'was going to' and 'was about to' in the past tense?
To convey that an anticipated happening did not take place
What is the difference between 'was to' and 'would' in indicating a fulfilled future in the past?
'Was to' is more formal, 'would' is more common
What is the function of the 'be about to' construction?
To show the nearness of a future event
What can be used in series of events to indicate the fulfilled future in the past?
The simple past tense
What is the difference between 'be to' and 'be about to'?
'Be to' signifies an arrangement, 'be about to' emphasizes nearness
What is the function of 'was/were going to' in the past tense?
To convey that an anticipated happening did not take place
What is the error in the sentence 'We can have the party in my apartment next Sunday unless my parents came a day early?'
Incorrect use of verb tense
In a complex sentence, what is the purpose of an adverb clause?
To provide additional details about the main clause
What is the main clause in the sentence 'When I walked in the room, the secretary looked at me as if I had something terribly wrong.'
the secretary looked at me
Why does the sentence 'Our landlord never minds parties as long as the guests were quiet.' contain a tense mistake?
The verb tense is inconsistent between the clauses
What is the function of the adverb clause 'when I walked in the room' in the sentence?
It provides additional information about the main clause
What is the error in the sentence 'At our party next Sunday we will tell our guests not to get too loud so that we didn't disturb the other people in the building.'
Incorrect use of verb tense
What is the purpose of rewriting sentences with more than one adverb clause?
To express more ideas clearly
What is the result of using one or more adverb clauses in a sentence?
The sentence can express more ideas clearly
Which of the following phrases is often used to express a possessive relationship instead of 'whose'?
A 'with' phrase
What does the word 'when' introduce in a sentence?
An adjective clause denoting time
What is the function of an adjective clause in a sentence?
To modify nouns
What is the importance of placing an adjective clause in a sentence?
It should be placed immediately after or as close as possible to the noun it describes
What refers to the same person in a sentence like 'My brother is a doctor'?
Brother and doctor
What is the role of 'where' in a sentence?
It introduces an adjective clause denoting a location
What is the difference between adjective clauses and adverb clauses?
Adjective clauses modify nouns, and adverb clauses modify verbs
What is the correct placement of an adjective clause in the sentence 'The book, which you will enjoy reading, is about Olympic skiers'?
Immediately after the noun 'book'
Study Notes
Pronouns and Determiners
- Everyone and everybody can be used interchangeably, but everyone emphasizes each individual, while everybody refers to the whole group.
- Each is used to talk about two or more things, and it can be used instead of every with time expressions.
- Each can be used with pronouns or determiners like us, them, these, and those without the article "the".
Any and Either
- Any and either are determiners used in negative sentences and questions.
- Any can sometimes replace all and every in positive sentences, having the same inclusive meaning.
- Any can mean "it doesn't matter who/which/what" and can be used with mass nouns and plural count nouns.
- Either is used instead of any when there are only two objects.
With, Against, and For
- With can mean "on the same side as" in a situation of conflict or competition, contrasting with against, which means "on the opposite side".
- For conveys the idea of support or being in favor of something.
Ingredient, Material, and Origin
- With is used for an ingredient with verbs of making (e.g., "A fruit cake is made with fruit").
- Out of or of is used for the material of the whole thing (e.g., "A glass jug is made (out) of glass").
- Made from means that one thing is derived from another (e.g., "Most paper is made from wood-pulp").
Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Modifiers
- A restrictive modifier helps to specify the meaning of a noun and narrows it down, making it essential to the sentence.
- A non-restrictive modifier provides additional information but does not limit the noun's meaning.
Future Constructions and the Future in the Past
- Be to + infinitive signifies an arrangement for the future.
- Be about to and be on the point of emphasize the nearness of a future event.
- The future constructions can be used in the past tense to indicate future seen from a viewpoint in the past.
Adverb Clauses and Complex Sentences
- Adverb clauses are used to connect ideas and add necessary information to express clearly.
- Adverb clauses can be connected to the main clause to express more ideas.
- Adjective clauses modify nouns, while adverb clauses modify verbs.
Adjective Clauses and Adverb Clauses
- When introduces an adjective clause that denotes time.
- Where introduces an adjective clause that denotes location.
- Why introduces an adjective clause that modifies words like "reason" and "explanation".
- Adjective clauses should be placed immediately after or as close as possible to the noun they describe.
Subject Complement
- The noun before the verb "be" and the noun after the verb "be" refer to the same person or thing.
- The subject complement gives additional information about the subject.
Learn the differences between 'every' and 'each' in English grammar, including usage with pronouns and time expressions.
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