Grammar Basics Quiz

Parts of Speech:
- Noun: Person, place, thing, or idea.
- Verb: Action or state of being.
- Adjective: Describes a noun.
- Adverb: Modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb.
- Pronoun: Replaces a noun.
- Preposition: Shows relationship between nouns/pronouns.
- Conjunction: Connects words, phrases, or clauses.
Sentence Structure:
- Simple: One independent clause (e.g., "She runs.").
- Compound: Two independent clauses joined by a conjunction (e.g., "She runs, and he walks.").
- Complex: One independent clause and at least one dependent clause (e.g., "Although she was tired, she finished the race.").
- Compound-Complex: At least two independent clauses and one dependent clause (e.g., "She runs, and he walks because they enjoy exercise.").
Tense:
- Present: Indicates current action (e.g., "She walks.").
- Past: Indicates completed action (e.g., "She walked.").
- Future: Indicates action that will happen (e.g., "She will walk.").
Agreement:
- Subject-verb agreement: Singular subjects take singular verbs, plural subjects take plural verbs.
- Pronoun-antecedent agreement: Pronouns must agree in number and gender with their antecedents.

Word Formation:
- Root words: Base part of a word (e.g., "act" in "action").
- Prefixes: Added to the beginning (e.g., "un-" in "unhappy").
- Suffixes: Added to the end (e.g., "-ing" in "running").
Context Clues:
- Using surrounding text to infer the meaning of unfamiliar words.
Synonyms and Antonyms:
- Synonyms: Words with similar meanings (e.g., "happy" and "joyful").
- Antonyms: Words with opposite meanings (e.g., "happy" and "sad").
Word Usage:
- Connotation: The emotional or cultural association of a word (e.g., "home" vs. "house").
- Denotation: The literal definition of a word.

Strategies:
- Previewing: Skim headings, subheadings, and visuals before reading.
- Annotating: Taking notes in the margins or highlighting key points.
- Summarizing: Restating the main ideas in your own words.
Types of Texts:
- Fiction: Narrative literature created from the imagination.
- Non-fiction: Factual writing (e.g., biographies, essays).
- Poetry: Expressive writing that often uses meter and rhyme.
Understanding Main Ideas and Supporting Details:
- Identifying the central concept of a text and the evidence that supports it.
Inference:
- Reading between the lines to understand implicit meanings or themes.
Critical Thinking:
- Analyzing the text for biases, arguments, and effectiveness of the author's purpose.

Parts of Speech:
- Noun: Represents a person, place, thing, or idea.
- Verb: Indicates an action or state of being.
- Adjective: Provides descriptions for nouns.
- Adverb: Modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
- Pronoun: Substitutes for nouns to avoid repetition.
- Preposition: Establishes relationships between nouns and pronouns.
- Conjunction: Connects words, phrases, or clauses.
Sentence Structure:
- Simple: Comprises a single independent clause.
- Compound: Features two independent clauses joined by conjunctions.
- Complex: Contains one independent clause along with one or more dependent clauses.
- Compound-Complex: Includes at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
Tense:
- Present: Signifies actions occurring currently.
- Past: Reflects actions that have been completed.
- Future: Denotes actions expected to occur.
Agreement:
- Subject-verb Agreement: Matches singular subjects with singular verbs, and plural subjects with plural verbs.
- Pronoun-antecedent Agreement: Ensures pronouns align in number and gender with their antecedents.

Word Formation:
- Root Words: The core components forming the basis of words.
- Prefixes: Elements added at the beginning of words to alter meaning.
- Suffixes: Elements appended to the end of words.
Context Clues:
- Strategies to deduce the meanings of unfamiliar words based on their surrounding text.
Synonyms and Antonyms:
- Synonyms: Words that share similar meanings.
- Antonyms: Words that possess opposing meanings.
Word Usage:
- Connotation: The nuanced emotional or cultural implications of a word.
- Denotation: The explicit, literal definition of a word.

Strategies:
- Previewing: Skimming headings, subheadings, and images before in-depth reading.
- Annotating: Making notes or highlighting significant sections while reading.
- Summarizing: Rephrasing main ideas in one's own language for better understanding.
Types of Texts:
- Fiction: Imaginative narratives that are not factual.
- Non-fiction: Texts grounded in factual information and truth.
- Poetry: Creative expressions often characterized by rhythm and rhyme.
Understanding Main Ideas and Supporting Details:
- Identifying the core concept of a text along with supporting evidence.
Inference:
- Drawing conclusions and understanding implicit meanings within the text.
Critical Thinking:
- Analyzing texts for potential biases, rhetorical arguments, and evaluating the effectiveness of the author's intent.