Grammar Basics

Grammar

• Deals with the rules that govern the structure of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences in a language
• Involves the study of morphology (formation of words) and syntax (arrangement of words)

Grammatical Names

• Parts of Speech:
  • Nouns: words that refer to people, places, things, and ideas
  • Verbs: words that express actions, events, or states
  • Adjectives: words that modify or describe nouns or pronouns
  • Adverbs: words that modify or describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
  • Pronouns: words that replace nouns in a sentence
  • Prepositions: words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words
  • Conjunctions: words that connect words, phrases, or clauses
  • Interjections: words that express emotion or feeling

Grammatical Functions

• Subject:
  • The noun or pronoun that performs the action described by the verb
  • Typically comes before the verb in a sentence
• Object:
  • The noun or pronoun that receives the action described by the verb
  • Typically comes after the verb in a sentence
• Modifier:
  • Words or phrases that provide additional information about a noun or pronoun
  • Can be adjectives or adverbs
• Complement:
  • Words or phrases that complete the meaning of a verb or subject
  • Can be direct objects, indirect objects, or subject complements

Grammar

• Grammar is the study of the rules that govern the structure of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences in a language.
• It involves two main areas of study: morphology (the formation of words) and syntax (the arrangement of words).

Parts of Speech

• Nouns: refer to people, places, things, and ideas.
• Verbs: express actions, events, or states.
• Adjectives: modify or describe nouns or pronouns.
• Adverbs: modify or describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
• Pronouns: replace nouns in a sentence.
• Prepositions: show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words.
• Conjunctions: connect words, phrases, or clauses.
• Interjections: express emotion or feeling.

Grammatical Functions

Subject

• Performs the action described by the verb.
• Typically comes before the verb in a sentence.

Object

• Receives the action described by the verb.
• Typically comes after the verb in a sentence.

Modifier

• Provides additional information about a noun or pronoun.
• Can be an adjective or adverb.

Complement

• Completes the meaning of a verb or subject.
• Can be a direct object, indirect object, or subject complement.