Grammar Basics

Parts of Speech:
- Nouns: person, place, thing, idea (e.g. John, London, book, happiness)
- Verbs: action or state of being (e.g. run, be, have)
- Adjectives: describe nouns or pronouns (e.g. happy, big, red)
- Adverbs: describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g. quickly, very, well)
- Pronouns: replace nouns (e.g. he, she, it, they)
- Prepositions: show relationships between words (e.g. in, on, at, with)
- Conjunctions: connect words, phrases, or clauses (e.g. and, but, or)
Tense and Aspect:
- Present Simple: habitual or general truths (e.g. I go to school)
- Present Continuous: actions in progress (e.g. I am studying)
- Present Perfect: completed actions with a connection to the present (e.g. I have eaten)
- Past Simple: completed actions in the past (e.g. I went)
- Past Continuous: actions in progress in the past (e.g. I was studying)
- Past Perfect: completed actions before another action in the past (e.g. I had eaten)
Clause and Sentence Structure:
- Independent Clauses: complete sentences (e.g. I went to the store)
- Dependent Clauses: cannot stand alone (e.g. because I needed milk)
- Complex Sentences: independent clause + dependent clause (e.g. I went to the store because I needed milk)
- Compound Sentences: two independent clauses joined by a conjunction (e.g. I went to the store, and I bought milk)

Word Formation:
- Prefixes: add to the beginning of a word (e.g. un-, re-, de-)
- Suffixes: add to the end of a word (e.g. -ly, -ment, -ful)
- Compounding: combining two words (e.g. toothbrush, birthday)
Idioms and Phrasal Verbs:
- Idioms: fixed expressions with a specific meaning (e.g. "break a leg" = good luck)
- Phrasal Verbs: verb + preposition (e.g. "pick up" = lift, "get on" = board)
Homophones and Homographs:
- Homophones: words that sound the same but have different meanings (e.g. to/too/two)
- Homographs: words that are spelled the same but have different meanings (e.g. bank = financial institution, bank = riverbank)

Grammar:

What is the correct form of the verb "to go" in the present perfect tense? a) go b) goes c) going d) has gone

Answer: d) has gone

Identify the type of sentence: "I went to the store, and I bought milk." a) Simple b) Compound c) Complex d) Compound-Complex

Answer: b) Compound

Vocabulary:

What is the meaning of the prefix "re-" in the word "redo"? a) again b) with c) under d) against

Answer: a) again

What is the meaning of the idiom "break a leg"? a) to injure oneself b) to wish someone good luck c) to be very tired d) to be very upset

Answer: b) to wish someone good luck

Parts of Speech:
- There are 7 parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, and conjunctions
- Each part of speech has a specific function in a sentence
Tense and Aspect:
- Present Simple is used for habitual or general truths (e.g. I go to school)
- Present Continuous is used for actions in progress (e.g. I am studying)
- Present Perfect is used for completed actions with a connection to the present (e.g. I have eaten)
- There are also Past Simple, Past Continuous, and Past Perfect tenses
Clause and Sentence Structure:
- Independent Clauses are complete sentences (e.g. I went to the store)
- Dependent Clauses cannot stand alone (e.g. because I needed milk)
- Complex Sentences are formed by combining an independent clause with a dependent clause
- Compound Sentences are formed by joining two independent clauses with a conjunction

Word Formation:
- Prefixes are added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning (e.g. un-, re-, de-)
- Suffixes are added to the end of a word to change its meaning (e.g. -ly, -ment, -ful)
- Compounding is the process of combining two words to create a new word (e.g. toothbrush, birthday)
Idioms and Phrasal Verbs:
- Idioms are fixed expressions with a specific meaning (e.g. "break a leg" = good luck)
- Phrasal Verbs are verbs + prepositions (e.g. "pick up" = lift, "get on" = board)
Homophones and Homographs:
- Homophones are words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings (e.g. to/too/two)
- Homographs are words that are spelled the same but have different meanings (e.g. bank = financial institution, bank = riverbank)

Grammar:
- The correct form of the verb "to go" in the present perfect tense is "has gone"
- A compound sentence is formed by joining two independent clauses with a conjunction
Vocabulary:
- The prefix "re-" means "again" in the word "redo"
- The idiom "break a leg" means "to wish someone good luck"

Questions and Answers