37 Questions
Which stain is commonly used to highlight proteins in histological samples?
Hematoxylin
What is the purpose of histology in medical diagnosis?
To visualize tissue structure
What is the term for the microscopic study of tissues and organs through sectioning, staining, and examining those sections under a microscope?
Histology
Why is it important to have basic knowledge of tissue preparation and staining when interpreting pathology reports?
To ensure accurate diagnosis
What are the four basic types of human tissue that can be stained and viewed using histological techniques?
Epithelium, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue
Which stain is commonly used to visualize atherosclerotic plaques and hepatic and muscular lipid accumulation?
Oil Red O
Which stain is used to study neuronal structure in the brain and spinal cord?
Nissl Stain
Which staining technique is considered a gold standard for the diagnosis of many pathological diseases?
Hematoxylin and eosin staining
What can histological examination determine in addition to diagnosing diseases?
The severity of disease
What can highly specialized staining techniques detect?
Changes in cellular physiology
Which staining method is commonly used to visualize chromosome abnormalities during mitosis?
Giemsa stain
Which stain is commonly used to stain collagen fibers blue?
Masson's trichrome stain
Which of the following is true about vital stains?
They are used for the identification of specific types of tissue
What is the purpose of the fixation step in histologic staining?
To preserve the structure of the tissue and protect it from degradation
Why is paraffin-formalin a common fixative of choice for immunostaining?
It inhibits the penetration of antibodies
What is the purpose of sectioning in the histologic staining process?
To cut the specimen into sections for staining and examination
What is the purpose of antigen retrieval in histologic staining?
To retrieve antigens that could have been covered in the fixation and embedding stages
According to the text, what is the purpose of maintaining homeostasis?
To maintain dynamic equilibrium
What is the term used to describe the state of internal balance maintained by the body?
Dynamic equilibrium
Which of the following is NOT regulated by homeostasis at the cellular level?
Cellular waste products
What is the role of enzymes in maintaining homeostasis at the cellular level?
To optimize biochemical reactions
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the body?
A decrease in blood pressure when it becomes too high
What is the purpose of anticipatory (feedforward) controls in the body?
To minimize the disturbance of a predicted change in the environment
Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the body?
The release of oxytocin during labor
What are the first measurements indicating if there is a homeostatic imbalance in a patient?
Core body temperature and respiratory rate
What is the underlying cause of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis?
Inflammation
Why are older individuals more susceptible to dehydration?
They have impaired thirst mechanisms
What can acid-base imbalances underlie in the body?
Acid-base disorders
Why is individualized fluid balance correction necessary in surgical patients?
To avoid fluid overload
What is the purpose of homeostasis?
To maintain the established internal environment without being overcome by external stimuli
What is the difference between homeostasis and allostasis?
Homeostasis aims to reduce variability and maintain consistency, while allostasis favors variability and allows the internal environment to adapt to various environmental encounters
What are the five critical components of a regulatory system in homeostasis?
Sensor, setpoint, error detector, controller, and effector
What is the role of the sensor in a regulatory system?
To measure the change in the value of the regulated variable
What is the role of the controller in a regulatory system?
To interpret the error signal and determine the outputs of the effectors
What is the role of the effector in a regulatory system?
To produce the response that forces the variable back to the normal range
What is a negative feedback system?
A system in which the response opposes the initial stimulus, helping to maintain homeostasis
What is the purpose of the setpoint in a regulatory system?
To be the value that the system designs the output to be
Test your knowledge of the gram staining technique used to identify bacterial infections. Learn about the steps involved in this common staining method and the significance of staining the cell wall.
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