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Questions and Answers
What type of molecules are linked by phosphodiester bonds in Teichoic Acids?
What type of molecules are linked by phosphodiester bonds in Teichoic Acids?
- Oligosaccharides (correct)
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleotides
What is the function of Teichoic Acids in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria?
What is the function of Teichoic Acids in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria?
- Facilitating cell-cell interactions
- Regulating gene expression
- Providing structural support (correct)
- Maintaining cell shape
What is the main component of Teichoic Acids in gram-positive bacteria?
What is the main component of Teichoic Acids in gram-positive bacteria?
- Glucose
- Ribitol (correct)
- Ribose
- Galactose
How many ribitol residues are typically found in Teichoic Acids?
How many ribitol residues are typically found in Teichoic Acids?
What is the abbreviation for Wall Teichoic Acids?
What is the abbreviation for Wall Teichoic Acids?
What percentage of dry weight of the cell wall is composed of teichoic acids?
What percentage of dry weight of the cell wall is composed of teichoic acids?
Where are lipoteichoic acids attached in the bacterial cell?
Where are lipoteichoic acids attached in the bacterial cell?
What is the chemical composition of lipoteichoic acids?
What is the chemical composition of lipoteichoic acids?
What percentage of the dry weight of the cell is composed of teichoic acids?
What percentage of the dry weight of the cell is composed of teichoic acids?
What type of bond links teichoic acids to peptidoglycan?
What type of bond links teichoic acids to peptidoglycan?
What is the primary function of teichoic acids in bacteria?
What is the primary function of teichoic acids in bacteria?
Where are teichoic acids typically found in bacterial cells?
Where are teichoic acids typically found in bacterial cells?
What is the relationship between teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids?
What is the relationship between teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids?
What is the primary function of the outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria?
What is the primary function of the outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria?
What is the role of Lipid A in lipopolysaccharides?
What is the role of Lipid A in lipopolysaccharides?
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Study Notes
Gram-Positive Bacteria
- Gram-positive bacteria are characterized by the presence of teichoic acids (WTA) in their cell walls, which are oligosaccharides composed of roughly 30 ribitol residues with phosphodiester links.
- Teichoic acids play a crucial role in binding ions, maintaining membrane integrity, and facilitating adherence.
- They are found in the inner region of the cell wall, specifically in growth zones, and serve as sites for translocation of outer membrane proteins, polysaccharides, LPS, pili, and flagella.
Gram-Negative Bacteria
- Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane (OM) composed of phospholipids, proteins (4-5 major and 10-50 minor), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
- LPS is responsible for the toxic effects of gram-negative bacteria, including endotoxic shock, which is characterized by fever, hypotension, impaired organ function, and acidosis.
- Lipid A is the primary component of LPS responsible for its toxic effects and is covalently linked to peptidoglycan (PG).
- LPS accounts for 50% of the dry weight of the cell wall and 10% of the dry weight of the entire cell.
- Lipoteichoic acids (LTA), also known as polyglycerol phosphates, are attached to the cytoplasmic membrane.
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