Grade 9 Chemistry SNC 1W Test

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Questions and Answers

How does the arrangement of particles differ between solids, liquids, and gases?

In solids, particles are tightly packed in a fixed arrangement. In liquids, particles are closely packed but can move around. In gases, particles are widely dispersed and move randomly.

Explain the relationship between an element's position on the periodic table (group and period) and its properties.

Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties due to the same number of valence electrons. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells. Properties vary across a period.

How does the density equation relate mass and volume to calculate density?

Density is calculated by dividing mass by volume ($Density = \frac{Mass}{Volume}$).

Describe 3 physical properties that can be used to identify a substance.

Colour, odour, and texture are physical properties that relate to appearance. Solubility is another physical property. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between a physical change and a chemical change, providing an example of each.

A physical change alters the form of a substance but not its chemical composition (e.g., melting ice). A chemical change involves the formation of new substances (e.g., burning wood). Signup and view all the answers

What are the charges of an ion, an anion, and a cation?

An ion is a charged atom or molecule. An anion is a negatively charged ion. A cation is a positively charged ion. Signup and view all the answers

State the four principles of the Particle Theory of Matter.

<ol> <li>All matter is made of particles. 2. There is space between particles. 3. Particles are always moving. 4. Particles are attracted to each other.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how to determine the number of neutrons in an atom, given its mass number and atomic number.

The number of neutrons is calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number, using the formula: # of neutrons = mass number – atomic number. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how metals and nonmetals differ in terms of their malleability and conductivity.

Metals are malleable and good conductors of electricity. Nonmetals are nonmalleable (brittle) and poor conductors (insulators). Signup and view all the answers

How is the Bohr-Rutherford diagram useful for visualizing the structure of an atom?

The Bohr-Rutherford diagram shows the arrangement of electrons in electron shells around the nucleus, illustrating the atom's electronic structure. Signup and view all the answers

What information can be gained from reading a chemical formula like $H_2O$?

A chemical formula indicates the elements present in a compound and the ratio in which they are combined. $H_2O$ indicates two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are in each molecule. Signup and view all the answers

Why is knowing if a substance is combustible or reacts with acid important?

Combustibility and reactivity with acid are chemical properties. This knowledge is important for safety, handling, and predicting chemical behaviour. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how an atom that gains electrons is different from an atom that loses electrons.

An atom that gains electrons becomes negatively charged (anion). An atom that loses electrons becomes positively charged (cation). Signup and view all the answers

Describe the difference between an atom in the ground state and an atom in the excited state.

An atom in the ground state has its electrons in the lowest possible energy levels. An atom in the excited state has one or more electrons in higher energy levels. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean when it is stated that 'there is nothing between particles'?

This refers to the empty space that exists between the individual atoms or molecules that make up matter. Signup and view all the answers

How would you test for the presence of hydrogen gas in a laboratory setting?

Hydrogen gas can be tested using the 'pop' test. A burning splint will make a popping sound in the presence of hydrogen. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of alkali metals, noble gases, and halogens being located in specific groups on the periodic table?

Their group location indicates similar valence electron configurations, leading to predictable chemical behaviours: alkali metals (group 1) are very reactive, noble gases (group 18) are inert, and halogens (group 17) are highly reactive. Signup and view all the answers

List 3 of the 8 physical changes.

Melting, freezing, evaporation, condensation, sublimation, deposition, ionization, recombination. Signup and view all the answers

List the 3 examples of chemical changes.

Rusting of iron, burning of wood, and cooking an egg. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Physical Property

A property that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical identity.

Qualitative Property

A property that can be observed or measured with the senses; descriptive but not numerical.