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Questions and Answers
What principle explains how pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted throughout the entire container?
What principle explains how pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted throughout the entire container?
Hydraulic systems use gases because they are incompressible.
Hydraulic systems use gases because they are incompressible.
False
What happens to the volume of a fluid when the temperature of that fluid increases?
What happens to the volume of a fluid when the temperature of that fluid increases?
The volume increases.
According to Boyle’s Law, increasing ______ of a fluid will decrease its volume.
According to Boyle’s Law, increasing ______ of a fluid will decrease its volume.
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Match the following concepts with their explanations:
Match the following concepts with their explanations:
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What is the primary difference between mass and weight?
What is the primary difference between mass and weight?
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An object that is submerged in water will always float if it has a density less than water.
An object that is submerged in water will always float if it has a density less than water.
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What is the formula for calculating pressure?
What is the formula for calculating pressure?
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The upward force on an object submerged in a fluid is called __________.
The upward force on an object submerged in a fluid is called __________.
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Match the following concepts to their definitions:
Match the following concepts to their definitions:
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In which case will an object sink?
In which case will an object sink?
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Pressure decreases as the area over which a force is applied increases.
Pressure decreases as the area over which a force is applied increases.
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What happens when the density of an immersed object is lower than the fluid's density?
What happens when the density of an immersed object is lower than the fluid's density?
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Study Notes
Grade 8 Science Unit 3: Fluids & Viscosity
- Chapter 9 focuses on how forces affect the movement and properties of fluids.
Force
- Anything that causes a change in an object's motion.
- A push or a pull.
Balanced Forces
- Equal in strength.
- Opposite in direction.
- Result in no movement.
Unbalanced Forces
- Unequal in strength.
- Cause a change in speed or direction.
Mass vs. Weight
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Mass: Remains constant anywhere in the universe. Measured in kilograms (kg).
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Weight: A measure of the push or pull acting on an object. Measured in Newtons (N).
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The weight of an object varies depending on the gravitational pull.
Buoyancy
- The upward force on an object submerged in or floating on a fluid.
- An object floating has neutral buoyancy.
- The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid the object displaces.
Density & Buoyancy
- If an object's density is greater than the fluid's density, it will sink.
- If an object's density is less than the fluid's density, it will float.
Average Density
- The total mass of all substances divided by the total volume of an object.
Technologies Developed
- Personal flotation devices.
- Submarines.
- Hot air balloons.
Pressure
- The force acting on a certain area of a surface.
- Increased force means increased pressure.
- Smaller surface area results in increased pressure.
- Measured in Pascals (Pa).
- Pressure = Force/Area
Calculating Pressure
- Formula: Pressure (P) = Force (F) / Area (A)
Sample Problems
- Include examples of calculations involving force, area, and pressure.
- An aquarium example provided in slide notes.
- Atmosphere example provided in slide notes.
Additional Topics Covered
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Determining why wearing snowshoes helps a person walk on soft snow.
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The ability of a garden hose nozzle to adjust water flow rate.
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Atmospheric pressure - the pressure exerted by air surrounding the Earth.
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Pascal's Law - pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted equally throughout that container. This principle is a basis for hydraulic and pneumatic devices.
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Hydraulics: The study of pressure in liquids. Hydraulic systems use liquids that are incompressible to transmit force and move objects.
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Pneumatics: Systems that utilize gases to transfer force. Gases, unlike liquids, are compressible; therefore compressors play a key role in these systems, building up air pressure.
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Pressure and Volume relationship (Boyle's Law): increasing pressure on a fluid decreases the volume predictably.
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Temperature and Volume relationship: increasing temperature will increase the volume of a fluid.
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Temperature and Pressure relationship: increasing temperature increases the pressure of a fluid.
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Description
Explore the principles of fluids, forces, and buoyancy in this Grade 8 Science quiz covering Unit 3. Learn about balanced and unbalanced forces, and understand the concepts of mass and weight. Test your knowledge on how density affects buoyancy and fluid properties.
