Grade 12 Life Sciences - Evolution Guide
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Questions and Answers

Which species listed has the least number of amino acid differences from a human haemoglobin chain?

  • Gorilla (correct)
  • Frog
  • Rhesus monkey
  • Mouse

    • What process in meiosis is NOT a source of genetic variation?

  • Random fertilization
  • Crossing over
  • Mitosis (correct)
  • Random arrangement

    • Which of the following variations is characterized as continuous variation?

  • Blood type
  • Eye color
  • Seed shape in peas
  • Height in humans (correct)

    • How many amino acids differ between humans and mice according to the provided information?

    <p>27</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between the number of amino acid differences and species relatedness?

    <p>Fewer differences indicate a closer evolutionary relationship.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does artificial selection aim to achieve over many generations?

    <p>Create a desirable phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is biological evolution primarily concerned with?

    <p>Genetic change in a population over generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which best defines biodiversity?

    <p>The variety of plant and animal species on Earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of variation involves a range of intermediate phenotypes?

    <p>Continuous variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by homologous structures in different species?

    <p>They developed from a common ancestor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines extinction?

    <p>The permanent disappearance of a species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Theory of Evolution rely on?

    <p>Verifiable hypotheses and evidence over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is genetic variation essential for?

    <p>Introducing new genotypes and phenotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from geographical isolation in a species?

    <p>New species may form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism isolates the gene pool of a species?

    <p>Reproductive isolation mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common ancestor in the context of the pottos and lemurs?

    <p>A shared species from which both evolved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Madagascar's separation affect pottos and lemurs?

    <p>It allowed them to evolve unique characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driver of speciation as seen in the beetle example?

    <p>Natural selection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the new species formed after speciation?

    <p>They adapt independently to their respective environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the process of continental drift?

    <p>It involves the slow movement of tectonic plates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to species that evolve in isolated environments?

    <p>They develop unique adaptations and characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the brain size range attributed to Australopithecus afarensis?

    <p>375-550 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is characterized by less pronounced brow ridges and human-like teeth?

    <p>Homo habilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of the Homo naledi species?

    <p>Prognathous with wide hips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism existed approximately 1.9 to 1.8 million years ago?

    <p>Australopithecus sediba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Homo erectus in terms of limb proportions?

    <p>Longer legs and shorter arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic feature is unique to Australopithecus africanus?

    <p>No cranial ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fossil site is associated with Homo habilis?

    <p>Cradle of Humankind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate brain size attributed to Ardipithecus ramidus?

    <p>300-350 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is known for having large teeth with canines that are not long?

    <p>Australopithecus sediba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the brain size of Homo naledi?

    <p>460-610 cm3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average brain size of Homo sapiens?

    <p>1200-1800 ml</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the positioning of the foramen magnum in humans?

    <p>Located in a forward position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one observable difference between the jaws of humans and African apes?

    <p>Humans have non-prognathous jaws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct regarding the teeth of Homo sapiens?

    <p>Homo sapiens have smaller teeth than African apes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates the chin of Homo sapiens from that of other primates?

    <p>Homo sapiens have a well-developed chin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which facial structure of Homo sapiens is more pronounced compared to other primates?

    <p>Flat face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does bipedalism refer to?

    <p>Walking on two lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cranium differ from the rest of the skull?

    <p>It houses the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which facial feature is a key differentiator between humans and Australopithecus africanus?

    <p>Nasal bone structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most recent common ancestor of the Homo genus?

    <p>Homo habilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following species is the first to have used tools and fire?

    <p>Homo habilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is known to be the earliest fossil found in South Africa?

    <p>Australopithecus africanus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two types of evidence support the 'Out of Africa' hypothesis?

    <p>Genetic markers and cultural artifacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is believed to have gone extinct first according to evolutionary timelines?

    <p>Ardipithecus ramidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Southern Dispersal theory, where did modern Homo sapiens first evolve?

    <p>Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event is associated with modern humans according to the Out of Africa hypothesis?

    <p>Migration out of Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Grade 12 Life Sciences - Evolution

    • This self-study guide covers evolution for Grade 12 Life Sciences students in South Africa
    • The guide is designed to help students understand evolution concepts
    • The guide uses a structured approach, including key concepts, terminologies, exam tips and typical exam questions
    • The study guide supports the DBE Grade 12 textbook and guidelines
    • The guide is intended to address knowledge gaps caused by the disruptions of COVID-19
    • Topics covered include variation, mechanisms of reproductive isolation, Lamarck's theory, natural selection (Darwin's theory), speciation, human evolution, phylogenetic trees, and the out-of-Africa hypothesis
    • The guide also includes links to prior knowledge and terminology
    • The guide includes typical exam questions and answers at the end of each booklet for practice

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    Life Sciences - Evolution - Grade 12 Self Study Guide PDF

    Description

    This self-study guide is designed for Grade 12 Life Sciences students in South Africa, focusing on the concept of evolution. It covers key ideas such as natural selection, speciation, and human evolution, incorporating exam tips and practice questions to enhance understanding. Explore important terminologies and ensure you're well-prepared for your exams with this comprehensive resource.

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